Pat sistema de negociação hearne

Citações de reminiscências de um operador de ações (Jesse Livermore)

De meu tesouro de citações interessantes do mercado, aqui estão meus trechos favoritos de "Reminiscências de um operador de estoque" por Edwin Lefevre. Eu gostei muito de Reminiscences, tanto na primeira como na segunda, mas eu não acho que o livro merece ser reverenciado como uma bíblia de negociação porque Jesse Livermore (o trader em quem é baseado) explodiu várias vezes e acabou tirando a própria vida. Embora eu não concorde com algumas de suas pérolas de sabedoria, vale a pena aceitar muitas. Para sua contemplação:

Eu fiz exatamente a coisa errada. O algodão me mostrou uma perda e eu guardei. O trigo me mostrou um lucro e eu o vendi. De todos os erros especulativos, há pouco mais do que tentar calcular a média de um jogo perdido. Sempre venda o que lhe mostra uma perda e mantenha o que lhe mostra um lucro.

Se tudo o que tenho são dez dólares e me arrisco, sou muito mais corajoso do que quando arrisco um milhão se tiver mais um milhão de salgados.

Eu tenho amigos, é claro, mas meu negócio sempre foi o mesmo - um caso de um homem só. É por isso que sempre joguei uma mão solitária.

O que me bateu não foi ter cérebro suficiente para manter o meu próprio jogo - isto é, jogar no mercado apenas quando estava convencido de que os precedentes favoreciam a minha jogada. Há o tolo, que faz a coisa errada em todos os momentos em todos os lugares, mas há também o idiota de Wall Street, que acha que deve negociar o tempo todo. Nenhum homem pode ter razões adequadas para comprar ou vender ações diariamente - ou conhecimento suficiente para tornar sua jogada inteligente.

Aconteceu exatamente como eu imaginei. Os negociantes martelaram as ações nas quais imaginavam que descobririam as maiores paradas e, com certeza, os preços caíram.

Por um lado, o fechamento automático de sua negociação quando a margem atingiu o ponto de exaustão foi o melhor tipo de ordem de stop-loss.

O jogo me ensinou o jogo. E não me poupou da vara enquanto ensinava.

Se alguém tivesse me dito que meu método não funcionaria, eu teria tentado certificar-me de mim mesmo, pois quando estou errado, apenas uma coisa me convence, e isso é, perder dinheiro. E estou certo quando ganho dinheiro. Isso está especulando.

Eu sabia, é claro, que deveria haver um limite para os avanços e um fim para a compra louca de A. O.T.-Any Old Thing - e eu tive uma queda. Mas toda vez que eu vendia, perdia dinheiro, e se não tivesse sido assim que corri rapidamente, teria perdido muito mais.

No início daquele outono, eu não apenas fui novamente eliminado, mas estava tão cansado do jogo que não consegui mais vencer, que decidi deixar Nova York e tentar outra coisa em outro lugar. Eu estava negociando desde o meu décimo quarto ano. Eu fiz meus primeiros mil dólares quando era criança, aos quinze anos, e meus primeiros dez mil, antes de completar vinte e um. Eu fiz e perdi dez mil ações mais de uma vez. Em Nova York, eu fiz milhares e os perdi. Eu cheguei a cinquenta mil e dois dias depois que foi. Eu não tinha outro negócio e não conhecia outro jogo. Depois de vários anos eu estava de volta onde comecei. Não pior, pois adquiri hábitos e um estilo de vida que exigia dinheiro; embora essa parte não tenha me incomodado tanto quanto estar errada de forma tão consistente.

Houve momentos em que meus planos deram errado e minhas ações não correram para a verdade, mas fizeram o oposto do que deveriam ter feito se tivessem mantido o respeito pelo precedente. Mas eles não me atingiram muito - eles não conseguiram, com minhas margens apertadas. Minhas relações com meus corretores eram amigáveis ​​o suficiente. Suas contas e registros nem sempre concordavam com os meus, e as diferenças uniformemente aconteceram contra mim. Curiosa coincidência - não! Mas eu lutei por mim mesmo e geralmente ganhei no final. Eles sempre tiveram a esperança de conseguir de mim o que eu havia tirado deles. Eles consideraram meus ganhos como empréstimos temporários, eu acho.

Não me entenda mal. Eu nunca permiti que o prazer interferisse nos negócios. Quando eu perdi, sempre foi porque eu estava errado e não porque estava sofrendo de dissipação ou excessos. Nunca houve nervos quebrados ou membros abalados pelo rum para estragar o meu jogo. Eu não podia pagar nada que me impedisse de me sentir fisicamente e mentalmente apto. Mesmo agora, geralmente estou na cama às dez. Quando jovem, nunca ficava acordado até tarde porque não conseguia fazer negócios adequadamente com sono insuficiente.

Por exemplo, eu estava otimista desde o começo de um mercado altista, e eu havia apoiado minha opinião comprando ações. Um avanço se seguiu, como eu claramente previra. Até agora, tudo muito bem. Mas o que mais eu fiz? Ora, eu escutei os estadistas mais velhos e limpei minha impetuosidade juvenil. Eu decidi ser prudente com cuidado, conservadoramente. Todo mundo sabia que a maneira de fazer isso era obter lucros e recomprar seus estoques em reações. E foi precisamente isso que fiz, ou melhor, o que tentei fazer; porque muitas vezes eu lucrei e esperei por uma reação que nunca veio. E eu vi minhas ações subirem dez pontos a mais e eu estar lá com meu lucro de quatro pontos seguro no meu bolso conservador. Eles dizem que você nunca vai à falência, tendo lucros. Não, você não Mas você também não enriquece, obtendo um lucro de quatro pontos em um mercado altista.

Acho que foi um longo passo em frente na minha educação comercial quando percebi finalmente que, quando o velho Sr. Partridge continuava dizendo a outros clientes: "Bem, você sabe que este é um mercado altista!", Ele realmente queria dizer a eles que o dinheiro Não estava nas flutuações individuais, mas nos movimentos principais - isto é, não na leitura da fita, mas no dimensionamento de todo o mercado e sua tendência.

O mercado não os derrota. Eles batem em si mesmos, porque embora eles tenham cérebros, eles não podem ficar firmes. A velha Turquia estava certa em fazer e dizer o que ele fez. Ele tinha não apenas a coragem de suas convicções, mas também a inteligência e a paciência para se manter firme.

Ignorar o grande balanço e tentar entrar e sair foi fatal para mim. Ninguém pode pegar todas as flutuações. Em um mercado em alta, o jogo é comprar e manter até que você acredite que o mercado em alta está próximo do fim.

Lembre-se que as ações nunca são muito altas para você começar a comprar ou muito baixas para começar a vender.

Suponha que ele compre suas cem primeiras e que isso lhe mostre imediatamente uma perda. Por que ele deveria ir trabalhar e obter mais estoque? Ele deve ver imediatamente que está errado; pelo menos temporariamente.

O incidente da Union Pacific em Saratoga, no verão de 1906, tornou-me mais independente do que nunca de dicas e conversas. isto é, das opiniões, suspeitas e suspeitas de outras pessoas, por mais amigáveis ​​ou por mais capazes que possam ser pessoalmente. Eventos, não vaidade, provaram para mim que eu podia ler a fita com mais precisão do que a maioria das pessoas sobre mim. Eu também estava melhor equipado do que o cliente médio da Harding Brothers, pois eu estava totalmente livre de preconceitos especulativos. O lado do urso não apela mais do que o lado do touro, ou vice-versa. Meu único preconceito é contra estar errado.

Quando estou com estoques, é porque minha leitura das condições me fez otimista. Mas você encontra muitas pessoas, reputadas como inteligentes, que são otimistas porque têm ações. Eu não permito minhas posses & # 8211; ou minhas prepossessões - para fazer qualquer pensamento para mim. É por isso que repito que nunca discuto com a fita.

Obviamente, a coisa a fazer era ser otimista em um mercado de alta e baixa em um mercado de baixa.

Eu vim a saber que, mesmo quando se é propriamente pessimista no início de um mercado de baixa, não é bom começar a vender a granel até que não haja perigo de o motor voltar a disparar.

Claro, se um homem é sábio e sortudo, ele não cometerá o mesmo erro duas vezes. Mas ele fará qualquer um dos dez mil irmãos ou primos do original. A família Mistake é tão grande que sempre existe uma delas quando você quer ver o que você pode fazer na linha tola.

Perder dinheiro é o menor dos meus problemas. Uma perda nunca me incomoda depois que eu tomo. Eu esqueci durante a noite. Mas estar errado - não tendo a perda - é o que prejudica o livro de bolso e a alma.

"Eu não consigo dormir" respondeu o nervoso.

"Por que não?", Perguntou o amigo.

“Estou carregando tanto algodão que não consigo dormir pensando. Está me vestindo. O que eu posso fazer?"

"Venda até o ponto de dormir", respondeu o amigo.

Ele arriscará metade de sua fortuna no mercado de ações com menos reflexo que dedica à seleção de um automóvel de preço médio.

Parece muito fácil dizer que tudo o que você precisa fazer é observar a fita, estabelecer seus pontos de resistência e estar pronto para operar ao longo da linha de menor resistência assim que tiver determinado. Mas, na prática real, um homem tem que se proteger contra muitas coisas e, acima de tudo, contra si mesmo - isto é, contra a natureza humana.

Um especulador deve se preocupar em ganhar dinheiro com o mercado e não em insistir que a fita deve concordar com ele. Nunca discuta ou peça razões ou explicações.

Ele deveria acumular sua linha no caminho. Deixe-o comprar um quinto de sua linha completa. Se isso não lhe der lucro, ele não deve aumentar suas posses porque obviamente começou errado; ele está errado temporariamente e não há lucro em estar errado a qualquer momento.

O medo impede você de ganhar tanto dinheiro quanto deveria.

Esse foi o único caso. Não há um homem em Wall Street que não tenha perdido dinheiro tentando fazer o mercado pagar por um automóvel, uma pulseira, um barco a motor ou uma pintura.

Mais de uma vez no passado, eu havia colocado uma corda de sapato em centenas de milhares. Mais cedo ou mais tarde o mercado me ofereceria uma oportunidade.

O jogo não muda e nem a natureza humana.

Depois que eu paguei minhas dívidas na íntegra eu coloquei uma quantia bem justa em anuidades. Eu me decidi que não ficaria amarrado e desconfortável e menos uma aposta novamente.

Entre os perigos da especulação, o acontecimento do inesperado - posso até dizer do inesperado - é alto.

Comecei minhas operações de compra no inverno de 1917. Tomei bastante café. O mercado, no entanto, não fez nada para falar. Continuou inativo e quanto ao preço, não subiu como eu esperava. O resultado de tudo foi que eu simplesmente carreguei minha linha sem nenhum propósito por nove longos meses.

Eu troco minhas próprias informações e sigo meus próprios métodos.

Ele era totalmente destemido, mas nunca imprudente. Ele podia, e fez, acender um piscar de olhos se descobrisse que estava errado.

Ao mesmo tempo, percebo que o melhor de todos os informantes, o mais persuasivo de todos os vendedores, é a fita.

Os inimigos mortais do especulador são: ignorância, ganância, medo e esperança. Todos os livros de estatuas do mundo e todos os livros de regras sobre todas as trocas da terra não podem eliminá-los do animal humano.

Em Pat Hearne & # 8211; Ele ganhava dinheiro em ações e isso fazia com que as pessoas lhe pedissem conselhos. Ele nunca daria nenhum. Se eles o perguntassem à queima-roupa por causa de sua opinião sobre a sabedoria de seus compromissos, ele usou uma das suas favoritas: "Você não sabe dizer até apostar". Ele negociava em nosso escritório. Ele compraria cem ações de algumas ações ativas e quando, ou se, subisse 1%, compraria outras cem. Em outro ponto adiantado, mais cem ações; e assim por diante. Ele costumava dizer que não estava jogando o jogo para ganhar dinheiro para os outros e, portanto, colocaria uma ordem de stop loss um ponto abaixo do preço de sua última compra. Quando o preço continuou subindo, ele simplesmente subiu a parada com ele. Em uma reação de 1%, ele foi impedido. Ele declarou que não via nenhum sentido em perder mais de um ponto, se saiu de sua margem original ou de seus lucros com o papel.

“Você sabe, um jogador profissional não está procurando por planos a longo prazo, mas com certeza dinheiro. É claro que tiros longos são bons quando chegam. No mercado de ações, Pat não estava atrás de gorjetas ou jogando para pegar adiantamentos de vinte pontos por semana, mas dinheiro seguro em quantidade suficiente para dar a ele uma boa sensação de vida. . De todos os milhares de forasteiros que encontrei em Wall Street, Pat Hearne foi o único que viu na especulação de ações apenas um jogo de azar como faro ou roleta, mas mesmo assim teve o bom senso de adotar um método de apostas relativamente sólido.

“Após a morte de Pat Hearne, um de nossos clientes que sempre negociaram com Pat e usaram seu sistema fez mais de cem mil dólares em Luckawana. Em seguida, ele passou para outra ação e, como havia feito uma grande aposta, achou que não precisava seguir o caminho de Pat. Quando uma reação veio, em vez de cortar suas perdas, ele as deixou correr - como se fossem lucros. Claro que cada centavo foi. Quando ele finalmente desistiu, ele nos devia vários milhares de dólares.

E ele estava certo. Às vezes penso que a especulação deve ser um tipo de negócio antinatural, porque acho que o especulador médio se posicionou contra sua própria natureza. As fraquezas que todos os homens são propensos são fatais para o sucesso na especulação - geralmente aquelas mesmas fraquezas que o tornam agradável aos seus companheiros ou que ele mesmo particularmente protege naqueles outros empreendimentos onde eles não são tão perigosos quanto quando ele é negociação de commodities ou ações.

O público deve sempre ter em mente os elementais da negociação de ações. Quando uma ação está subindo, nenhuma explicação elaborada é necessária para explicar por que ela está subindo. É preciso comprar continuamente para fazer um estoque continuar subindo. Contanto que isso aconteça, com apenas pequenas e naturais reações de tempos em tempos, é uma proposta bastante segura para acompanhá-lo.

Mas se, depois de um longo e constante aumento, uma ação virar e gradualmente começar a cair, com apenas pequenos ralis, é óbvio que a linha de menor resistência mudou de cima para baixo. Sendo assim, por que alguém deveria pedir explicações? Provavelmente existem razões muito boas para que isso diminua ...

(As reminiscências de um operador de ações estão fora dos direitos autorais, então você provavelmente encontrará a versão completa do pdf on-line de graça).

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Citações realmente grandes, eu gostei muito deles. Obrigado!

Acabei de localizar o link para o pdf gratuito de Reminiscências:

Este é de longe o maior livro de todos os tempos! Eu leio uma vez a cada verão. Eu vou na minha oitava leitura deste próximo verão.

Mesmo sendo tão bom quanto o Sr. Livermore, existem muitos outros bons padrões de negociação que indivíduos motivados podem usar para gerar grandes quantias de dinheiro. O principal, a meu ver, nos mercados de commodities, é buscar os múltiplos, não os ganhos rápidos.

Exatamente robert. Identificar a condição do mercado (tendência ou alcance) é metade da batalha. Quando você conhece seu ambiente, pode aplicar a estratégia apropriada.

Aqui está um pdf com as regras de negociação de Livermore, mais citações e comentários de Richard Smitten.

Obrigado por estas citações.

A verdade sobre jogos de azar e investimentos. Quando o resultado é incerto: é o jogo de azar. Quando o resultado é certo: é investir. A vida de Jesse chegou a um fim abrupto com ele cruzar a linha de jogo e sair em sua esposa & # 8211; divórcio. Ele colocou uma arma na cabeça e deixou este mundo: Sei La Vi!

Fora dos direitos autorais? Hã? O que isso importa? Qualquer pessoa no mundo pode comprar o livro novo ou usado em dezenas de sites de livros on-line. Já ouviu falar da Amazônia? Ebay?

Palestra de lado, lol, boa lista das grandes citações do livro.

Olá! Eu simplesmente quero dar um enorme polegar para cima.

para a boa informação que você tem aqui neste post.

Eu voltarei ao seu blog para mais.

No outro dia, enquanto eu estava no trabalho, minha irmã.

Roubei meu ipad de maçã e testei para ver se ele pode sobreviver a uma queda de 25 pés, só assim ela pode ser.

uma sensação no youtube. Meu apple ipad está agora destruído e ela tem 83 visualizações.

Eu sei que isso é totalmente fora do tópico, mas eu tive que compartilhá-lo com alguém!

Olá! Eu simplesmente gostaria de dar um grande joinha para a boa informação.

você tem aqui neste post. Eu posso estar vindo de novo para o seu blog para.

Post muito descritivo, eu gostei desse pouco. Haverá uma parte 2?

O conteúdo de qualidade é o importante para interessar os espectadores a visitar a página da web,

é isso que este site está fornecendo.

Excelentes mercadorias de você, cara. Eu tenho em conta o seu material anterior e você é simplesmente extremamente magnífico.

Eu realmente gosto do que você adquiriu aqui, certamente como você.

estão dizendo e a melhor maneira de afirmá-lo.

Você torna agradável e você continua a tomar.

cuidar de ficar sensato. Eu não posso esperar para ler muito mais.

Blog do BRegs.

Um blog para debater o Regulamento de Controle de Edifícios (Emenda) (BCAR): O Blog BRegs apresenta uma oportunidade para a livre expressão de opinião sobre o BCAR e sua implementação. O blog não é representativo de nenhum órgão ou organização profissional. Cada postagem representa a opinião pessoal desse colaborador e não pretende representar as opiniões de todos os colaboradores.

Postado em Alan Kelly.

Casa passiva: um método alternativo de atender a Parte L?

Neste artigo da revista Passive House + de 08 de dezembro de 2014, o autor Philip Lee sugere que o padrão Passive House poderia ser usado como um meio alternativo de conformidade para a Parte L sob os novos regulamentos de construção. Link para o artigo aqui. Extrair:

Casa passiva: um método alternativo de atender a Parte L?

O padrão de casa passiva pode ser aceitável como um método alternativo de conformidade com as rigorosas regulamentações de eficiência energética da Irlanda, de acordo com um especialista líder em energia e construção, deixando a porta aberta para uma abordagem semelhante no Reino Unido.

O equivalente ao Documento de Aprovação L1A da Inglaterra, Documento de Orientação Técnica L da Irlanda para habitações exige 60% de energia e reduções de carbono em comparação com os níveis de 2005 e requer geração de energia renovável - 10kWh / m2 / ano de energia térmica ou 4kWh / m2 / ano de energia elétrica. Essas mudanças foram fortemente influenciadas pelo trabalho de campanha do predecessor da revista, Construct Ireland.

Mas, como acontece com as regulamentações do Reino Unido, os detalhes sobre conformidade estão contidos nos documentos de orientação, e não na regulamentação da própria Parte L. Como o especialista jurídico Philip Lee escreve na edição irlandesa da edição 9 da Passive House Plus, os documentos de orientação não têm força de lei, o que significa que métodos alternativos de conformidade - como a casa passiva - poderiam ser usados.

Curiosamente, os prédios que vão além da redução de 60% na energia da Irlanda podem ter dificuldades para atingir as metas de energia renovável da Irlanda, pois podem não ter demanda de energia suficientemente alta para atender facilmente a meta de 10kWh / m2 / ano de renováveis. Defensores irlandeses de casas passivas argumentam há muito tempo que as habitações que atendem ao padrão não deveriam ser obrigadas a gerar tais quantidades de energia renovável.

De acordo com Lee: “Pode-se argumentar que a proporção de energia renovável para combustíveis fósseis inerente ao documento de orientação técnica também poderia ser aplicada a uma casa passiva. Portanto, se uma casa passiva consome 50% menos energia primária, então a “proporção” de energias renováveis ​​estabelecida no documento de orientação técnica, nomeadamente 10 kWh / m2 (aquecimento) e 4 kWh / m2 (energia eléctrica), deve ser reduzida 50% a 5 kWh / m2 e 2 kWh / m2 respectivamente. ”

“Uma abordagem alternativa para a mesma interpretação de“ razoável ”seria observar o balanço líquido da energia marrom que é produzida em uma casa padrão e compará-la com a energia marrom líquida produzida em uma casa passiva. Desde que a quantidade líquida de combustível fóssil consumido na casa passiva seja menor do que a consumida em uma casa padrão, pode-se argumentar que qualquer energia real proveniente de fontes renováveis ​​atenderia ao "teste razoável".

Lee também aponta que, de acordo com a Diretiva das FER, os estados membros da UE devem “exigir o uso de níveis mínimos de energia de fontes renováveis” tanto em novos edifícios quanto em edifícios existentes que estão sujeitos a grandes reformas, a partir de 31 de dezembro de 2014. diz que a Parte L da Irlanda violará a directiva se não for rapidamente actualizada, uma vez que especifica uma “proporção” de energia renovável em vez de um valor mínimo. Ele adverte que as metas estabelecidas em um documento de orientação não são suficientes, devido ao seu status não obrigatório. As quatro regiões do Reino Unido também estão definidas em violação, com base na política atual.

Lee salienta que a diretiva incentiva os Estados membros a levarem em conta “medidas nacionais relativas a aumentos substanciais de eficiência energética” e a “edifícios passivos, de baixa ou zero energia” ao atualizar seus regulamentos de construção para aumentar a participação de energia renovável.

SI.9 & # 8220; cada fase deve ser projetada para ficar sozinho & # 8221; | BCMS.

A seguinte pergunta de e-mail e resposta do Sistema de Gerenciamento de Controle de Edifícios (BCMS) foi enviada a nós por um profissional registrado no dia 11 de dezembro de 2014.

O BCMS confirma que & # 8221; Cada fase do desenvolvimento deve ser compatível e não ter cumprimentos pendentes em outras fases, mesmo que isso exija a conclusão antecipada de todos os trabalhos de desenvolvimento.

O esclarecimento do BCMS sugere que a conclusão de projetos de uso misto maiores e esquemas residenciais de várias unidades pode ser mais onerosa do que a realizada sob as novas regulamentações. O financiamento de projetos maiores freqüentemente depende de fases iniciais sendo concluídas e vendidas, enquanto estágios posteriores e algumas áreas comuns, porões, estradas e drenagem ainda podem estar em construção. Notas de Blog BReg mostradas []:

O Código de Práticas diz que as conclusões faseadas são possíveis.

O aviso de início do BCMS tem que ser feito como "um por casa" & # 8217; para que possa haver Certs de Conclusão separados para cada casa?

Se for "um por propriedade", # 8217; para Avisos de Início (veja o parecer da RIAI) você pode, então, apenas submeter Certs de Conclusão para cada casa sob o único Aviso de Início? Em caso afirmativo, o registro está configurado para isso?

O que é um & # 8216; global & # 8217; Certificado de conclusão para o desenvolvimento (veja o conselho da RIAI) e o que isso vai cobrir?

É o mesmo para apartamentos?

O conselho da RIAI diz:

Como o Aviso de Início funcionará para um Conjunto Habitacional de 100 Casas?

R .: Um aviso de início a ser emitido, se todas as casas forem construídas juntas. Caso contrário, um número de Avisos de Início terá que ser emitido para cada fase.

100 Certificados de Conclusão terão que ser emitidos; uma para cada casa como concluída e, em seguida, uma para o desenvolvimento global / trabalho externo.

Resposta de BCMS, Data: 11 de dezembro de 2014.

Assunto: Certificado de Conformidade em Considerações sobre Conclusão em Fase de Conclusão.

SI 9 de 2014 (9) Um Certificado de Conformidade na Conclusão pode referir-se a obras, edifícios, incluindo áreas dentro de um edifício, ou desenvolvimentos, incluindo fases do mesmo, e detalhes relevantes devem ser claramente identificados no Certificado de Conformidade na Conclusão, e sujeitos a validação, de acordo com os requisitos dos parágrafos (3) e (4), no registo.

Como regra geral, o objetivo do Certificado de Finalidade do Certificado de Conformidade na Conclusão é requerido para o cumprimento do;

Requisitos administrativos, tal como estabelecido nos Regulamentos de Controlo Predial, que é basicamente 3 (a), (b) (i) e os Requisitos de Concepção 3 (b) (ii), ou seja, os requisitos do Segundo Anexo ao Regulamento de Construção antes de Obras ou edifícios pode ser aberto, ocupado ou usado.

Portanto, recomenda-se que qualquer desenvolvimento de fases para fins de Certificado de Conformidade em Certificados de Conclusão seja cuidadosamente considerado no contexto de interdependência das Partes A-M entre si e com as outras fases do desenvolvimento.

Para fins de melhores práticas de desenvolvimento habitacional e de conformidade de construção, cada fase deve ser projetada para ser independente e, como tal, a conformidade com a Parte A-M deve ser abordada tanto individual quanto coletivamente.

Em essência, cada fase do desenvolvimento deve estar em conformidade e não ter conformidades pendentes em outras fases, mesmo que isso requeira concluir antecipadamente todas as obras de desenvolvimento, ou seja, acesso à Parte B para equipamentos contra incêndio, sistemas de tratamento da Parte H, acesso e uso da Parte M , J pode haver aquecimento distrital, etc. em geral, cada fase deve ser independente e deve ser avaliada por seus méritos; O melhor método é auditar a fase em relação aos requisitos específicos do Regulamento de Construção, um resumo consolidado é apresentado abaixo para facilitar a referência.

É feita referência aos requisitos dos Regulamentos de Controle de Edifícios, a seção relevante que é apresentada abaixo;

“Building Control Regulations 1997-2014-Part IIIC - Certificado de Conformidade na Conclusão.

20F (1) Sujeito ao parágrafo (2), um Certificado de Conformidade na Conclusão deverá ser submetido a uma autoridade de controle predial e seus dados relevantes serão incluídos no Registro mantido sob a Parte IV antes de obras ou um edifício ao qual Parte II ou Parte O IIIA aplica-se pode ser aberto, ocupado ou usado.

(2) A exigência de um Certificado de Conformidade na Conclusão será aplicada às seguintes obras e edifícios.

a) concepção e construção de uma nova habitação;

(b) uma extensão para uma habitação envolvendo uma área total superior a 40 metros quadrados,

c) obras a que se aplica a parte III.

(3) Um Certificado de Conformidade na Conclusão será:

na forma especificada para esse fim no Sexto Calendário, e.

(b) acompanhada de planos, cálculos, especificações e dados necessários para descrever como as obras ou a construção foram concluídas -

i) difere dos planos, cálculos, especificações e indicações apresentados para efeitos do artigo 9.º, n. º 1, alínea b), subalínea i), ou do artigo 20.º-A, n. º 2, alínea a), subalínea ii), conforme adequado (a incluir e incluir na Anexo do Certificado de Conformidade na Conclusão), e.

(ii) está em conformidade com os requisitos do Segundo Anexo do Regulamento de Construção, e.

[Parte A - estrutura; Parte B - Segurança Contra Incêndio; Parte C - Preparação do local e resistência à umidade; Parte D - Materiais e mão de obra; Parte E - Som; Parte F - Ventilação; Parte G - Higiene;

Parte H - Drenagem e eliminação de águas residuais; Parte J - Aparelhos de produção de calor; Parte K - Escadas, escadas, rampas e guardas; Parte L - Conservação de combustível e energia; Parte M - Acesso para pessoas com deficiência]

(c) acompanhado pelo Plano de Inspecção implementado pela Certificadora Atribuída de acordo com o Código de Práticas referido no Artigo 20G (1) ou um equivalente adequado.

SI.9 + Estruturas Protegidas | Mais lacunas?

O seguinte artigo de opinião foi enviado para o Blog do BRegs por um arquiteto especialista em conservação em 3 de dezembro de 2014. Há uma opinião alternativa sobre este tópico que sugere lacunas na nova regulamentação. Como o planejamento para Estruturas Protegidas veio apenas para o Ato de Planejamento de 2000 e o SI.9 refere-se apenas aos Regulamentos de Planejamento 1963-93 (agora revogado), pode ser que haja uma quantidade considerável de obras menores (para estruturas protegidas) que exigem permissão de planejamento sob o O Ato 2000 pode ser realizado usando o aviso de início de formulário curto e pode não exigir os serviços de design ou certificadores designados. Estaríamos interessados ​​em obter mais informações sobre isso de profissionais especialistas em conservação e leitores do Blog.

SI.9 + Estruturas Protegidas.

Explicamos a posição em que nós e nossos clientes nos encontramos em conexão com os novos regulamentos de controle de construção.

Não há dispensa do Aviso de Início completo ou longo de acordo com SI 9, Artigo 2, resultante da exigência de um Certificado de Segurança contra Incêndios para um Local de Assembléia Pública e do fato de que a pequena extensão excede marginalmente o limite de 40 m quadrados. Sob SI 243.2012 artigo 4. Nenhum Building Energy Rating é necessário para uma Estrutura Protegida ou Local de Adoração, portanto, nenhum estudo DEAP nem conformidade com a Parte L é necessário.

Em outras palavras, o longo e curto é que, se qualquer trabalho para uma estrutura protegida de qualquer tipo exceder 40 metros quadrados, uma longa forma de aviso de início e as taxas adicionais concomitantes e custos adicionais no lado da construção ocorrerão. A dificuldade de obter fundos ainda escassos está sempre presente para esse tipo de trabalho.

O mesmo se aplica a qualquer trabalho para uma estrutura protegida, se um Certificado de Segurança contra Incêndio for exigido, independentemente do tamanho.

No caso de reconstrução de um Monumento de Registro, as obras de construção estão isentas do Regulamento de Construção, mas não do BCAR.

Isso tudo é muito confuso e não há respostas diretas ou lógicas para nada disso. Quer gostemos ou não, os Regulamentos do BCA terão um efeito contínuo na maioria, senão em todos os trabalhos de conservação, em termos de tempo e despesa.

Em nossa opinião, todos os trabalhos para Estruturas Protegidas devem ser isentos da Longa Forma do Aviso de Início sob o BCAR. Eles devem estar em conformidade com a Parte B, quando possível, e devem estar sujeitos a um Certificado de Segurança contra Incêndio e DACs em conexão com o acesso público. Os trabalhos, como atualmente, devem ser projetados e especificados por um Conservation Architect credenciado, sujeitos à aprovação das Autoridades de Conservação e Planejamento e do Departamento, se necessário.

A própria natureza dos edifícios mais antigos atenua os resultados previsíveis, conforme previsto nos regulamentos de construção.

Eu suspeito que os presentes arranjos apresentem os Conservation Officers com dificuldades de longo prazo. Somos deixados à deriva sem direção e nossos clientes sem dinheiro procurando fundos para satisfazer um monstro burocrático. Seria ótimo se você pudesse aumentar a consciência dessas questões com seus colegas e com o Departamento, pela necessidade de o Certificador Designado certificar a conformidade com o Regulamento de Construção, digamos, trabalhos anexados ou conectados a uma estrutura antiga são patentemente um absurdo. .

Certificadores DCC: somente arquitetos precisam se inscrever!

Aqui está um projeto recentemente anunciado pelo Conselho Municipal de Dublin com um valor entre € 200k e € 600k. Listados como parte dos serviços de arquitetura são atribuições de certificador designado e Design.

Será que algum especialista, não-arquiteto, Chartered Surveyor ou Chartered Engineer (membro SCSI ou ACEI) apresentou reclamações da Autoridade da Concorrência contra essa prática restritiva, indicando apenas arquitetos para funções certificadoras, para contratos públicos do governo?

Sabemos que pelo menos uma firma de arquitetura se queixou à Autoridade da Concorrência relativamente a esta prática, temendo que os contratos públicos, se concedidos sob estes termos restritivos, possam ser sujeitos a reversão se forem encontrados em violação da legislação irlandesa e da concorrência da UE.

Notamos que houve uma discussão acalorada no órgão representativo dos arquitetos (RIAI) AGM em setembro de 2014 sobre a legalidade da "negociação coletiva" & # 8221; entre os representantes do RIAI e do Departamento de Educação sobre a nomeação conjunta de certificador de design e arquiteto para projetos de escola de transição.

Perguntamo-nos, dada a lenta absorção do registo voluntário privado para empreiteiros (CIRI) e o abrandamento semelhante nos começos sob o BC (A) R SI.9, quaisquer projectos do sector público ficaram paralisados ​​devido à falta de disponibilidade de certificadores? Notamos, no SI9, que a nomeação é pessoal e, devido a preocupações com a responsabilidade, a maioria dos funcionários das empresas não está disposta a atuar nesses novos papéis.

Projeto no DCC: o DCC precisa de um Certificador Atribuído em & # 8220; serviços arquitetônicos e relacionados & # 8221; (link aqui)

“Conservation Architectural Services — Grade 1 (incl. design team lead) and associated specialist skills, i. e. Fire Safety Design Services, Disability Access Design Services, Employer‘s Representative for the Works Contract, and Design Certifier and Assigned Certifier services as defined under the Building Control (Amendment) Regulations 2014.”

Section I: Contracting authority.

i.1) name, addresses and contact point(s)

DUBLIN CITY COUNCILN/A.

Comunidade & amp; Social Development Section, Block 3, Floor 1, Civic Offices, Wood Quay.

General address of the contracting authority: dublincity. ie.

Further information can be obtained from: The above mentioned contact point(s)

Specifications and additional documents (including documents for competitive dialogue and a dynamic purchasing system) can be obtained from:

Contact point(s): From etenders website only. Internet address: etenders. gov. ie.

Tenders or requests to participate must be sent to: The above mentioned contact point(s)

i.2) type of the contracting authority.

Regional or local authority.

i.3) main activity.

General public services.

i.4) contract award on behalf of other contracting authorities.

The contracting authority is purchasing on behalf of other contracting authorities: no.

Section II: Object of the contract.

ii.1.1) title attributed to the contract by the contracting authority:

Establishment of a single party framework agreement for integrated design services for the development of Richmond Barracks.

ii.1.2) type of contract and location of works, place of delivery or of performance.

Service category No 12: Architectural services; engineering services and integrated engineering services; urban planning and landscape engineering services; related scientific and technical consulting services; technical testing and analysis services.

Main site or location of works, place of delivery or of performance: Dublin 8.

NUTS code Dublin.

ii.1.3) information about a public contract, a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system (dps)

The notice involves the establishment of a framework agreement.

ii.1.4) information on framework agreement.

Framework agreement with a single operator.

Duration of the framework agreement.

Duration in years: 4.

Estimated total value of purchases for the entire duration of the framework agreement.

Estimated value excluding VAT:

Range: between 200 000 and 600 000 EUR.

ii.1.5) short description of the contract or purchase(s)

Establishment of a single party framework agreement for integrated design services for the development of Richmond Barracks.

ii.1.6) common procurement vocabulary (cpv)

Architectural and related services (CPV: 71200000), Architectural, construction, engineering and inspection services (CPV: 71000000), Engineering services (CPV: 71300000), Civil engineering consultancy services (CPV: 71311000), Structural engineering consultancy services (CPV: 71312000),Building services (CPV: 71315000), Building services consultancy services (CPV: 71315210), Health and safety services (CPV: 71317200), Engineering design services (CPV: 71320000), Engineering design services for mechanical and electrical installations for buildings (CPV: 71321000), Quantity surveying services (CPV: 71324000), Urban planning and landscape architectural services (CPV: 71400000)

ii.1.7) information about government procurement agreement (gpa)

The contract is covered by the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA): yes.

This contract is divided into lots: no.

ii.1.9) information about variants.

Variants will be accepted: no.

ii.2) quantity or scope of the contract.

ii.2.1) total quantity or scope:

The Contracting Authority (Dublin City Council) is seeking to establish a single-party framework agreement for integrated design team services for the development of Richmond Barracks. The framework agreement will be established with a single economic operator comprising the following disciplines:

(a) Conservation Architectural Services — Grade 1 (incl. design team lead) and associated specialist skills, i. e. Fire Safety Design Services, Disability Access Design Services, Employer‘s Representative for the Works Contract, and Design Certifier and Assigned Certifier services as defined under the Building Control (Amendment) Regulations 2014.

(b) Civil and Structural Engineering Services,

(c) Quantity Surveying Services,

(d) Building Services Engineering, Inc. Building Energy Rating,

(e) Landscape Architectural Services, and.

(f) Project Supervisor for the Design Process.

Only those Applicants capable of delivering all of the services listed above (whether in-house or as a grouping/consortium) will be considered. Therefore, applications relation to one or several of these disciplines only are not acceptable and will be rejected.

The single party framework agreement will be established on foot of an initial contract for the preliminary design, detailed design and planning application, procurement of works contractor, works supervision and handover of work stages of the Richmond Barracks Interpretive Centre Project.

Further information on the framework agreement and initial contract is available from the Qualification Questionnaires available to download from etenders. gov. ie.

Estimated value excluding VAT:

Range: between 200 000 and 600 000 EUR.

ii.2.2) information about options.

ii.2.3) information about renewals.

This contract is subject to renewal: no.

ii.3) duration of the contract or time limit for completion.

Duration in months: 048 (from the award of the contract)

Section III: Legal, economic, financial and technical information.

iii.1) conditions relating to the contract.

iii.1.3) legal form to be taken by the group of economic operators to whom the contract is to be awarded:

Prior to the conclusion of the framework agreement, the Contracting Authority reserves the right to seek copies of any agreements between the members of the consortium if the successful tenderer is a consortium or grouping of members.

The contracting authority reserves the right, at its absolute discretion, to require a lead firm to contract:

— on the basis of joint and several liability with each member of the candidate executing the contract,

— with a particular single member of the tenderer as the prime contractor, with the other members providing collateral warranties and/or guarantees; ou.

— as an incorporated or unincorporated special purpose vehicle, with collateral warranties and/or guarantees from the members of the candidate.

iii.1.4) other particular conditions.

The performance of the contract is subject to particular conditions: no.

iii.2) conditions for participation.

iii.2.1) personal situation of economic operators, including requirements relating to enrolment on professional or trade registers.

Information and formalities necessary for evaluating if the requirements are met: Please refer to qualification documents available to download from etenders. gov. ie.

iii.2.2) economic and financial ability.

Information and formalities necessary for evaluating if the requirements are met: Please refer to qualification documents available to download from etenders. gov. ie.

Minimum level(s) of standards possibly required: Please refer to qualification documents available to download from etenders. gov. ie.

iii.2.3) technical capacity.

Information and formalities necessary for evaluating if the requirements are met:

Please refer to qualification documents available to download from etenders. gov. ie.

Minimum level(s) of standards possibly required:

Please refer to qualification documents available to download from etenders. gov. ie.

iii.3) conditions specific to services contracts.

iii.3.1) information about a particular profession.

Execution of the service is reserved to a particular profession: yes.

Reference to the relevant law, regulation or administrative provision: The successful framework operator must be included on the statutory Register for Architects as required under the Building Control Act, 2007. Further information on registration can be found onpointofsinglecontact. ie/browse-by-sector/construction/architectural%20services/architects. html.

The Irish Point of Single Contact (PSC) has been established as the point of single contact for Ireland as required under the Services Directive 2006/123/EC. The role of the PSC is to assist service providers who wish to provide services in Ireland, by connecting them with the relevant competent authorities in order to complete all relevant procedures.

iii.3.2) staff responsible for the execution of the service.

Legal persons should indicate the names and professional qualifications of the staff responsible for the execution of the service: yes.

Section IV: Procedure.

iv.1) type of procedure.

iv.1.1) type of procedure.

Justification for the choice of accelerated procedure: ‘Compliance with the usual time-limits would be rendered impracticable for reasons of urgency’. The execution of the project is subject to an extremely tight timeframe and is subject to stringent conditions by the funding body. The project is also subject to planning permission, site investigations and conservation works. The project must be delivered by March 2016.

IV.1.2) Limitations on the number of operators who will be invited to tender or to participate.

Envisaged number of operators: 5.

Objective criteria for choosing the limited number of candidates: Applications received will be assessed on the basis of the rules, criteria and weightings set out in the Qualification Questionnaire. It is envisaged that the top 5 scoring Candidates (subject to the quality and number of applications received) which also meet the minimum criteria and rules for selection set out in the Qualification Questionnaire will be invited to tender.

iv.2) award criteria.

iv.2.1) award criteria.

The most economically advantageous tender in terms of the criteria stated in the specifications, in the invitation to tender or to negotiate or in the descriptive document.

iv.2.2) information about electronic auction.

An electronic auction will be used: no.

iv.3) administrative information.

iv.3.1) file reference number attributed by the contracting authority:

iv.3.2) previous publication(s) concerning the same contract.

iv.3.3) conditions for obtaining specifications and additional documents or descriptive document.

Payable documents: no.

iv.3.4) time limit for receipt of tenders or requests to participate.

iv.3.6) language(s) in which tenders or requests to participate may be drawn up.

Section VI: Complementary information.

vi.1) information about recurrence.

This is a recurrent procurement: no.

vi.2) information about european union funds.

The contract is related to a project and/or programme financed by European Union funds: no.

vi.3) additional information.

Dublin City Council is subject to the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (FOI) 1997, 2003. If you consider that any of the information supplied by you is either commercially sensitive or confidential in nature, this should be highlighted and the reasons for the sensitivity specified. In such cases, the relevant material, will in response to the FOI request; be examined in the light of the exemptions provided for in the Acts.

2. It will be a condition for the establishment of the framework agreement and award of any call-off contract that the successful Tenderer and all sub-contractors (if applicable) produce a valid Tax Clearance Certificate from the Revenue Commissioners in compliance with Circular (43) 2006 (or as amended) and that the certificate will be maintained for the duration of the contract and will be on a 12 month basis. In the case of a non-resident Tenderer, a statement of suitability from the Revenue Commissioners will be required.

3. Suppliers must register their interest on the eTenders web site (etenders. gov. ie) in order to be included on the mailing list for clarifications.

4. Please note in relation to all documents, that where reference is made to a particular standard, make, source, process, trademark, type or patent, that this is not to be regarded as a de facto requirement. In all such cases it should be understood that such indications are to be treated strictly and solely for reference purposes only, to which the words ‘or equivalent’ will always be appended.

5. Please note also that all information relating to attachments, including clarifications and changes, will be published on the Irish Government Procurement Opportunities Portal (etenders. gov. ie) only. Registration is free of charge. Dublin City Council will not accept responsibility for information relayed (or not relayed) via third parties.

6. Emailed/faxed/late tenders will not be accepted. Tenderers are asked to include a return address on the packaging.

7. Tenders may be submitted in English or in the Irish language.

8. Please note that OJEU contracts are covered by the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA).

9. All queries regarding this tender must be emailed to martin. mcdonagh@dublincity. ie for the attention of Martin Mc Donagh. Queries must be in question format and must be submitted by email. Responses will be circulated to those candidates/tenderers that have registered an interest in this notice on the Irish Government procurement opportunities portal etenders. gov. ie.

The details of the party making the query will not be disclosed when circulating the response. All queries must be submitted by 12:00 noon on 9.10.2014 to enable issue of responses to all interested parties.

11. Please note that where documents are made available in both PDF and Word format, in the event that there is any discrepancy between the documents, the PDF version will take precedence.

vi.4) procedures for appeal.

vi.4.1) body responsible for appeal procedures.

HIGH COURT, CHIEF REGISTER.

The Four Courts, Inns Quay.

vi.4.2) lodging of appeals.

Precise information on deadline(s) for lodging appeals: Please refer to the relevant Irish Statutory Instruments (SI 130 of 2010 and SI 420 of 2010) available at irishstatutebook. ie.

vi.4.3) service from which information about the lodging of appeals may be obtained.

PLEASE CONTACT YOUR LEGAL ADVISOR.

vi.5) date of dispatch of this notice:

Lobbying in the Construction Industry (part 1)

A new report on lobbying in Ireland calls for a two-year “cooling-off” period for former ministers and special advisers. See Irish Times article “Report into lobbying recommends two-year cooling-off period“. A report into lobbying recommends two-year cooling-off period. Transparency International urges fines for officials who fail to comply with rulings. Extract:

“Transparency International will recommend that senior public officials should be required to receive permission from an independent oversight body before taking up a private sector position where a conflict of interest could be perceived.

…Penalties including fines and publication of the decision should be imposed on any former public official who fails to comply with the body’s ruling or to deliver information sought by it,” the report states.”

There has been widespread concern and criticism of the new building regulations SI9 introduced in march 2014. Seen as a paper exercise and ‘a political solution’, SI9 reinforces the current system of self-regulation in Ireland and creates a complicated ‘red-tape’ exercise in hands-off private regulation which is resulting in massive costs to consumer and industry. Billed by former minister Phil Hogan as a solution to widespread building failures, SI9 was introduced with little public or professional back-ups being in place, and no consumer input.

Following on from a public consultation in 2012 only a small circle of key stakeholders were invited to participate in the formation of SI9. No consumer groups were involved. The organisations invited to participate were representative bodies for architects, engineers and chartered surveyors (RIAI, ACEI and SCSI respectively) along with the Construction Industry Federation (CIF). Most of these bodies now have statutory roles and operate self-policing registers. The CIF register CIRI is due to be put on a statutory footing in March 2015.

TD Catherine Murphy has been scathing in her criticism of lobbing particularly in the Construction sector. In an article from the Irish Times from October 2014 she brought the spotlight on lobbying by vested interests in the construction industry. See article here.

& # 8220; As a public representative at both local and national level, this is the second time I have experienced a crash in the construction sector. We are moving back into construction without having repaired the problems or addressed the issues involved. We are starting the process again. The Government just has a short time left in office and the important changes that should have been made before construction started again have not been made.

…This is a small country and we are all aware of the informal lobbying that takes place, whether in the Galway tent, on golf courses or wherever else “

See Dáil Debate here.

Many consumers perceive that the government has conveyed vested interest groups with a monopoly on various statutory roles within the construction process. This is most visible in the self-build sector, where owner/ builders legally are unable to build their own houses without the involvement of a contractor, preferably a CIRI registered one. This has resulted in vast cost increases, particularly for housing (see links below) and a significant fall-off in new self-built homes being undertaken this year.

With Local Authorities already chronically under-resourced, with no additional training or staff allocated to operating the new system, problems such as rogue or cowboy builder/ developers and serious materials issues such as pyrite are set to remain with us for some time.

All these representative bodies are now set for a windfall in income as a result. In order to operate as a registered professional under the new SI9 one must be on a register, and a hefty registration fee must be paid annually to these representative/policing organisations. With 60,000 operatives involved in various roles in the construction sector annual registration fees represent a bonanza for these key stakeholder bodies.

A significant reason for all these organisations to be supportive of SI.9. Even though most agree that the regulations bring little or no additional consumer protections to owners.

Speechless.

Virtual synapses: an exploration of Web 2.0 innovations to enhance connectivity of enriched multimedia content with a sociological cosmopolitical imagination and an ethical turn.

Timeline of Inuit Social History.

As I track Speechless statistics I noticed a growing interest in content collected as background to my graduate studies on the role of memory work and the historical and ethical components of stories told about Inuit, that I had uploaded to Web 2.0 sites through the Creative Commons License 3.0. I will slowly update and maintain if interest continues. This was developed as complementary material to my teaching, learning and research and is not intended as a comprehensive timeline. Speechless has been visited c. 250 times a day over the last week with a total of 75,000 visits (2008-06).

9000 BC Ice Age came to an end. Arctic climate warmed.

7000 BC Dogsleds used by Palaeo-Eskimo in northern Siberia?

3000 BC The Denbigh culture of western and northern Alaska dates as far back as this.

2500 BC Migration Theory: Paleao-Eskimos migrating across Arctic North America. (in McGhee, Robert)

2200 – 1500 BC Stable northern climate.

2000 BC Umingmak Palaeo-Eskimo site on Banks Island.

c.1700 BC Oldest known Early Palaeo-Eskimo portrait of a human, an ivory maskette found on Devon Island.

1800 BC Palaeo-Eskimos occupied most Arctic regions. Independence culture musk-ox hunters of the extreme Arctic regions.

2000 BC – 1 AD Worldwide environmental change. In the north: the first chill. Cooler summers.

2000 BC Cooler conditions set in North.

500 – 1 BC Early Dorset Tyara maskette found at Hudson Strait.

1 & # 8211; 600 AD Middle Dorset culture: Igloolik flying bear carving.

500s AD Legend: Irish monks in currachs sailed west and north?

800s AD Eric the Red and 1500 Icelanders travelled to Greenland’s southwest coast? The Norse landed in Labrador before.

1000 AD and attempted to colonize along the coasts of Ungava, Baffin Island and Labrador. They were the first Europeans to reach the Canadian Arctic. (Hessell 1998:7) )

650 – 1250 AD Mediaeval Warm Period in Arctic North America.(McGhee 1997).

600 – 1300 AD Late Dorset culture, wand found on Bathurst Island.

1100 – 1700 AD Thule culture: bow-drill handle found near Arctic Bay, Baffin Island; swimming bird and birdwoman figurines found in the Eastern Arctic. (Illustration Hessel 1998:17)

c.1650 – 1840 AD Little Ice Age forced the Thule to break up into small, nomadic groups.

1576?Martin Frobisher, an uneducated pirate-mariner attempted to find the Northwest Passage. He encountered Inuit on Resolution Island. Five sailors jumped ship and became part of Inuit mythology. The homesick sailors tired of their adventure attempted to leave in a small vessel and vanished. Frobisher brought an unwilling Inuk to England. On his next trip to Baffin Island an Inuit hunter shot Frobisher in the buttocks with an arrow after Frobisher had lost a wrestling match?

1585 John Davis voyaged up Davis Strait.

1602 Henry Hudson travelled to the whaling grounds of Spitsbergen which became a source of great wealth to the British.

1616 Robert Bylot and William Baffin sailed to Hudson Bay. 1670 Hudson’s Bay Company newly formed is granted trade rights over all territory draining into Hudson Bay. The fur trade develops.

1749 The first trading was established at Richmond Gulf.

c. 1749 Trade of small stone carvings. The HBC began trading glass beads to the Caribou Inuit in the 18th century. Women used them to decorate parkas. Ivory cribbage boards with skrimshaw engravings (like the whalers) ere the most popular. (Hessel 1998:24)

1750s Moravian missionaries arrived in Labrador. (Hessell 1998:8)

1771 Moravian missionaries settled in Nain in northern Labrador heralding the beginning of the Historic Period. Well-crafted miniature carvings were traded with missionaries, whalers, explorers…

1770s – 1940s. The missionaries are said to have introduced the art of basketry to the Inuit (Watt 1980:13).

1771 Samuel Hearne of the HBC reached the Arctic coast at Coppermine.

1789 Alexander Mackenzie follows Mackenzie River to Beaufort Sea.

1880 British Crown transferred many of the Arctic Islands to Canada. These islands became part of the Territories. (Parker 1996:23)

1820. The “Hudson’s Bay Company opened a trading post called Great Whale River in 1820 on the site of today’s Kuujjuarapik. The main activities at the post were processing whale products of the commercial whale hunt and trading furs.”

1821-3. D’Anglure (2002:205) stated that the British Naval Expedition (1821-3) led by Admiral Parry, which twice over-wintered in Foxe Basin, provided the first informed, sympathetic and well-documented account of the economic, social and religious life of the Inuit. Parry stayed in Igloolik over the second winter. Parry’s writings with pen and ink illustrations of Inuit everyday life (1824) and those of Lyon (1824) were widely read.

1822 William Parry’s expedition to Igloolik.

183? Captain George Back made the first descent of the Back River.

1830s – 1860s. A man named (Jimmy?) Fleming (b. 1830s?1860s?) remained behind when the whaling ship left the north. He was given an Inuktitut name and he married an Inuk. Jimmy Fleming was a traveler; Jimmy Fleming was Scottish or English more likely Scottish perhaps with prominent eyebrows like Jimmie Ekomiak Fleming. His son was Jimmy Ekoomiak Fleming (c.1865-1950s), Sarah Ekoomiak’s grandfather. Annie Weetaltuk, Johnny Weetaltuk’s cousin knew the story about the man called Fleming and she told William Ekomiak the story.

1850s – 1950s Christian missionaries spread throughout Arctic. 1860 e # 8211; 1915 Second wave of contact. Whaling in Hudson Bay with foreign whalers: Scottish, American particularly in the Roes Welcome Sound.

1856 Two Anglican Church Missionary Society members working in the Hudsons’ Bay region, John Horden, at Moose Factory, and E. A. Watkins at Fort George, were producing material in syllabics for Inuit. Watkins noted in his diary of June 19, 1856, that an Inuit youth from Little Whale River wanted to learn syllabics very much so he worked with Watkins. Horden in Moose Factory and Watkins collaborated on producing some Bible selections in Inuktitut. Re: Sarah Ekoomiak’s story.

1861 Edward Belcher wrote an paper entitled ‘On the manufacture of works of art by the Esquimaux’ which is archived in the Department of Ethnography in the British Museum in London. See J. King Franks and Ethnography. This may be the first paper written on Inuit art., London, Department of Ethnography in the British Museum. pittweb. prm. ox. ac. uk/Kent/musantob/histmus5.html.

1865 Pangnirtung has a long history associated with Scottish and American whaling. Whale oil made from animal fat was used as fuel. In 1865? petroleum was developed as fuel, replacing whale oil. Whaling had become became the largest industry in North America, with 20,000 American seamen out in a single whale-hunting from “… New England. P.(Houston, James. 1996:151).

1865 John Horden and Watkins met in London worked together to modify the Cree syllabic system to the Inuktitut language. The syllabic orthography was very easy to learn that and this enabled the Anglican Church to proselytize successfully over such a wide area of the Arctic. Inuit taught each other. With the assistance of well-travelled native assistants who worked with Peck, Bilby and Greenshield at Blacklead Island, and with Bilby and Fleming at Lake Harbour, a large number of Inuit who had never met a missionary nonetheless had access to the Bible and were able to read it in syllabics. Two of the best-known native assistants were Luke Kidlapik and Joseph Pudloo. As a boy Joseph Pudloo had learned syllabics in Reverend Fleming’ s senior class in Lake Harbour. Later he became Fleming’s sled driver, taking the missionary thousands of miles on visits to Inuit camps. After that he spent two years working with the Reverend B. P. Smith at Baker Lake, the first native assistant to work in a dialect markedly different from his own.

1865 Rawlings, Thomas The Confederation of the British North American Provinces; Their Past History and Future Prospects; Including Also British Columbia & Hudson’s Bay Territory; With a Map, and Suggestions in Reference to the True and Only Practicable Route from the Atlantic London Sampson Low, Son, and Marston 1865, first edition, octavo, xii, [1] -244 pp., 4 plates, large folding map, original flexible cloth covered boards, covers detached but present, scattered light foxing to text, else a good, clean copy. Early efforts of the explorer, geographer and navigator, Hudson’s Bay Co., the fur trade, Red River Settlement, Rocky Mountains, discovery of gold, railroads, etc. The plates include two early views of Victoria, British Columbia, one of St. Paul, Minnesota and a farm scene. Eberstadt 133:851; Decker-Soliday IV:483; Lande 1408; TPL 4442; Peel 206; Sabin 68006.

1873 North-West Mounted Police.

1876 Reverend Peck established the first permanent Christian mission in Inuit territory at Little Whale River near Richmond Gulf.

1880 British Crown transferred many of the Arctic Islands to Canada. These islands became part of the Territories. (Parker 1996:23)

1880 The Indian Affairs Department was established. “Since Confederation, the responsibility for Indian Affairs and Northern Development rested with various government departments between 1873 and 1966. The minister of the Interior also held the position of Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs after the Indian Affairs Department was established in 1880.”

1880s – Whalers from San Francisco and Seattle whaled in the Beauford Sea. They wintered at Herschel Island. (Parker 1996:22) American whalers hunted in eastern Arctic. Greelandic Inuit hunted on Ellesmere Island (Tester 1993:14).

1882 An Anglican mission was established in Kujjuarapik in 1882 and a Catholic mission in 1890.

1883 Regina was named as capital of the Northwest Territories. The railway reached Regina. (Parker 1996:23)

1883-4 Anthropologist Franz Boas, studies Inuit culture, Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island.

1884 Reverend Peck established a mission at Fort Chimo, Kuujuak, to help Reverend Sam Stewart who established the second mission in Inuit territory.

1885 ? Jimmie Ekomiak Fleming (c.1885-1950s) was born? He died when he was 65? He became a Christian. He was not tall. Jimmie Ekoomiak loved children. He played with Sarah like a child would play. Jimmie Ekomiak Fleming was a fiddler and he taught his sons Charlie and Thomas. Thomas bought the fiddle from Eaton’s catalogue for $15. His father, a traveller, Jimmy Fleming (b. 1830s?1860s?) was Scottish or English more likely Scottish perhaps with prominent eyebrows like Jimmie Ekomiak Fleming.

1887-1905 Frederick Haultain, a Conservative, was premier of the Northwest Territories. Sir Wilfred Laurier was Prime Minister. Haultain was born in England and came to Canada when he was three. He discouraged party politics and believed in consensus (Parker 1996:25).

1888 The first Legislative Aseembly was held with 22 elected members. Arguments started over the control of the public purse. The Federal Government held the Advisory Council responsible for governmental expenditures without giving them full control over taxation and financial transfers. (Parker 1996:24),

1890s, early 1900s . The catechist Reverend Fleming traveled thousands of miles with Joseph Pudloo visiting Inuit camps, teaching syllabics along with their missionary work for the Anglican Church Missionary Society.

1893 Franz Boas’ went to Baffin Island and Northern British Columbia to gather ethnographic material for the 1893 Smithsonian’s World’s Columbian Exposition. There was an ethnographic exhibit including “Esquimaux snapping whips and in their kayaks…”

1896? Reverend Edmund Peck introduced syllabics as a written form of Inuktitut. His system was adapted from Reverend Evan’s syllabic system adopted by the Cree.

1898 Yukon was created as separate territory. Gold was discovered. (Parker 1996:25).

1900 Scottish mine owners open a mica and graphite mine near Lake Harbour and employed Inuit miners.

1901 Film clip of Inuit games and dogsleds performing at the Buffalo Exposition.

1902 A whaling ship captain, Comer purchased Igloolik Qingailisaq’s shaman’s coat. A photo of a replica of the coat illustrates the publication accompanying the film Atanarjuat. D’Anglure described Qingailisaq’s coat as the “most superbly decorated shaman’s coat.” “It is a woman’s coat, a replica of the one worn by an ijiraq female spirit that he encountered while hunting caribou in the back country. She became one of his helping spirits and he wore the coat to honour her. Its appearance calls to mind certain aspects of his encounter with the female spirit.” This coat is now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York (2002:217).

1903 Northwest Mounted Police (RCMP) detachments set up in Canadian Arctic.

1903-6 Roald Amundsen completes Northwest Passage?

1904 ? The artist remembered the names of many of the people involved. Joe Talirunili (1899-1976) from Povungnituk made numerous carvings and drawings referring to this migration. One of the drawings (c.1960-70) illustrated and described in Blodgett’s exhibition catalogue 1983:208) entitled “The People Takatak, Kinuajuak and Kanavalik includes a text which reads, “The people Takatak, Kinuajuak and Kanavalik on land were wondering if the canoe was carrying white people or Indians. They were scared because they never expected a boat in July. They thought they were near death when they heard someone shouting to them from the boat. This is what they heard: ‘We’re Eskimo, we’re not Indians or white people. We were caught in the ice but this is the first time we have seen land in a long time.’ Woman shouting is Aula (Myers, Joe Talirunili: 50). “Blodgett 1983) described the incident third hand, “According to Johnny Pov in the memories of Joe (Myers p.6), several travelling Inuit families became stranded on an ice pan after it broke away from the coast. Blown out to sea as the ice pan began to break into smaller and smaller pieces, the travellers, using the wood from their sleds and skins they had with them, made a makeshift umiak to carry them over the water back to the mainland. Crowded into their boat, the people, the young Joe in his mother’s parka among them, finally reached safety. In later life, when carving teh episode from his childhood, Talirunili could remember the names of all the people on the boat.

1905 Atagutaaluk survived starvation in 1905 near Pond Inlet. The shaman Palluq and his wife Tagurnaaq and Atuat from Igloolik and Repulse Bay found her near Tariuju, closer to Mittimatalik. (See Rose Iqallijuq 1998) who also described another case of survival cannibalism by Kaagat who was found near Igluligaaijuk.) Later Atagutaaluk married the shaman chief Ittuksarjuat. They lived in a qarmaq, a sod or stone house (D’Anglure 2002:222). Ittuksarjuat died in. See also 1950 Rousseliere, Guy Mary. 1950. “Monica Ataguttaaluk, Queen of Iglulik.” Eskimo 16:13. “Ujarak: My sister Atuat knows this person. She knows the story very well. My sister [Atuat] was the adopted daughter of Palluq and [his wife] Tagurnaaq. Tagurnaaq and her husband could not have a baby of their own, so they adopted Atuat. My sister Atuat, who is also called IttukuSuk, was very young at that time, but she was aware of everything that happened. The family, Palluq, Tagurnaaq and Atuat were on their way to Mittimatalik when they found Ataguttaaluk. The family brought Ataguttaaluk to where there were other people and stayed there for some time. Then they set out to the Kivalliq area and stayed there for quite a while (Iqallijuq, Rose and Johanasi Ujarak 1998).” The Igloolik shaman Atuat died in Arctic Bay in 1976. She was the daughter of Ava and Urulu. According to d’Anglure (2002) Atuat was the last Inuit to have extensive tatoos (2002:220). Atuat did a drawing in Arctic Bay in 1964 “depicting the last major winter-solstice celebration (Tivaajut) which she attended circa 1910 at Igloolik. At the end of the festivities, shamans paired everyone up into new couples for one night (d’Anglure 2002:219).” See illustration in the 2002 publication which accompanies the film Atanarjuat. According to d’Anglure in the early 1920s there were eighty shamans in the greater Igloolik area which included North Baffin to Repulse Bay region. This included fourteen women. By the 1940s all had converted to Christianity. Thirty were still alive in the 1970s. Today their names are alive through their children (d’Anglure 2002:209). [I taught one of the descendents Tabitha Palluq through CITP. Her reaction to the showing of the film starvation was very moving.] Knud Rasmussen photographed shamans in 1921-2 expedition including Urulu, Atuat’s mother, a woman shaman from the area of Igloolik/Repulse Bayand three shaman brothers from Igloolik/Repulse Bay Ivaluarjuak, Ava and Pilaskapsi. See d’Anglure (2002:211).

1905 Invention of plastic marks the end of the exploitation of the baleen whale by American and European whalers. The declining market for whale oil and baleen led to the aggressive development of the white fox fur trade by the HBC.

1905 D’Anglure (2002) described a photo of a flight of the shaman séance in 1905 among the Avilik people. The Avilik lived next to the Igloolik Inuit. “The shaman is tied from head to feet (as at the beginning of the legend of Atanarjuat) and gets ready to send his soul travelling (2002:212).” See also (Iqallijuq NAC 1998) “Iqallijuq: The first time he performed ilimmaqtuqtuq I did not hear why this was being done. The following year, I saw him ilimmaqtuqtuq again. We were living in Salliq. Aullannaaq and some other men had gone to Igluligaarjuk. They were overdue and we were starting to wonder if they were on their way back or if they had gotten lost. Makkik performed ilimmaqtuqtuq to find out how they were. He saw them from above. He told us the whole story after his retum. The group was ready to cross through at Aivilik to return to the island. No one was sick in the group and they were all alive and well, he said. The first time I saw this I was really too young to understand what was going on. I don’t recall where he had gone or what news the angakkuq had brought back.”

1905 Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick White of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police was named Commissioner of the Northwest Territories. He made decisions unilaterally. He never once called together the Territorial Council. (Parker 1996:26),

1906 According to Rose Iqallijuq an Inuk and his wife survived starvation through cannibalism but only confessed when confronted by a shaman. Kaagat, who is buried at Iglulik Point, lived for a long time. (Iqallijuq 1998).

1906 The Canadian Handicrafts Guild was founded. This national organisation had its headquarters in Montreal.

1909 Admiral Robert Peary and Matthew … reach North Pole.

1909 Reveillon Freres, Paris established a fur trading post at Inukjuak. The HBC arrived in 1920. The HBC purchased the Reveillon Freres in 1930s.

1909 Anglican mission established at Lake Harbour.

1911 First permanent trading post in south Baffin was at Lake Harbour, in Keewatin it was at Chesterfield Inlet.

1912 Burland (1973:92) referred to a famous event which took place in 1912 about an overcrowded whale boat. Burland makes constant errors so she is unreliable as a source.

1912 The boundaries of the Northwest Territories were set at the boundaries in existence in 1992. (Parker 1996:26),

1912 The northern boundary of Manitoba was extended to the 60th parallel. (Parker 1996:26),

1912 Quebec was expanded to include Arctic Quebec. (Parker 1996:26),

1913 Cape Dorset’s trading post was established.

1913 -1918 Canadian Arctic Expedition: Vilhjalmur Stefansson and Diamond Jenness.

1913 Edward Beauclerk Maurice (1913-2003) was born September 10th or 16th? In Claredon, Somerset.

1914 Charlie Ekomiak 1914-1960s?) was born. He was the father of Sarah Ekoomiak (b.1933), Annie (b.1935), Maggie (b.1937), Sam (b.1939), Emily (b.1941), William Ekomiak (b.1943) Charlie Ekomiak married Lucie Menarik when he was 18 years old c. 1932. After Lucie Menarik died in 1944 Charlie remarried. Jimmie Ekomiak Fleming was a fiddler and he taught his sons Charlie and Thomas. Thomas bought the fiddle from Eaton’s catalogue for $15.,

1916 – 1926 HBC operated a trading post at Okpiktooyuk near present day Baker Lake.

1918 Oil discovered at Norman Wells (Parker 1996:26).

1919 W. W. Cory became Commissioner of the Northwest Territories (Parker 1996:26),

1920s early According to d’Anglure in the early 1920s there were eighty shamans in the greater Igloolik area which included North Baffin to Repulse Bay region. This included fourteen women. By the 1940s all had converted to Christianity. Thirty were still alive in the 1970s. Today their names are alive through their children (d’Anglure 2002:209).

1921 Federal government appointed a Territorial Council of six members. (Parker 1996:26),

1921 – 1924. Danish explorer, Rasmussen’s Fifth Thule Expedition was undertaken crossing the Canadian Arctic much of it in dogsled. For some remote groups of Inuit, like the Utkuhikhalingmiut, he represented the first white contact. Listen to CBC radio interview with Mame Jackson to hear the voice of Jessie Oonark describing this encounter when she was in her teens. Along the way Rasmussen photographed Urulu, a woman shaman from the area of Igloolik/Repulse Bay. He also photographed and worked with three shaman brothers from Igloolik/Repulse Bay Ivaluarjuak, Ava and Pilaskapsi. See d’Anglure (2002:211).

1921-4 Knud Rasmussen photographed Urulu, a woman shaman from the area of Igloolik/Repulse Bay. He also photographed and worked with three shaman brothers from Igloolik/Repulse Bay Ivaluarjuak, Ava and Pilaskapsi. See d’Anglure (2002:211).

1922 Robert Flaherty’s Nanook of the North (1922) was the first documentary film ever made. In it Nanook a respected Inuk hunter demonstrated techniques of the seal (nasiq) hunt while joking with the camera crew.

1923. Mariano Aupilardjuk was born. He grew up near Nattiligaarjuk, Committee Bay where there was lots of ‘old ice’ and therefore Qallupilluq (Ernerk 1996)] Nunavut’s commissioner, Peter Irniq, has a special respect for Aupilarduk, because their families lived together in an outpost camp near Repulse Bay when Irniq was a child (Rideout 2001a). Mariano Aupiliardjuk was honoured with an Aboriginal Achievement Award in 2001 for his contributions as a bridge between generations, Inuit governance, local residents, on how to use IQ in modern society. In local Rankin Inlet elementary and secondary schools, at NAC, across Canada, advises RCMP, facilitates community and pan-territorial healing, works with youth to help them acquire land skills.

1924 Anthropologist Diamond Jenness received tiny ivory artifacts from Cape Dorset area. With this archaeological evidence the existence of the Dorset culture (800 BC – ) was established. c.

1924. Amendment to Indian Act (14-15 Geo. V Chap. 47) bringing Eskimos under the responsibility of the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs.

1924. Government interested in buying totems. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (of England) requested the preservation of totem poles in British Columbia. In a response letter to Doyle, Chas Stewart of the Dept. of Indian Affairs wrote that “.the Government has been commissioned to take up the matter, perhaps to buy out the totem poles in the Skeena River.” File number: Public Archives Indian Affairs. (RG10, Volume 4086 file 507,787-2). haislatotem/chronology/chron_main. html.

1926 – 1927 Anglican and Catholic Missions open in Baker Lake.

1926. Thirteen Inuit starved to death at an outpost camp in Admiralty Inlet (Tester 1993:21).

1929. Pitchblende was discovered at Port Radium on the Great Bear Lake. Gilbert Labine began working his mine in 1930. This was the first major mining activity in the Northwest Territories. It produced radium and then uranium. (Parker 1996:26).

1930s. Americans were self-consciously constructing their identity as separate from Europe (Leclerc 1992:36-8).

1930s. Reverend Nelson was the minister in the area before the minister came who taught Jimmie Fleming.

1930s-1960s. “The use of the term ‘colony’ may sound odd, but it originated with civil servants who entered public service in the 1930s and felt they were doing work similar to the pioneering on the prairies of the nineteenth century. The term disappeared when they retired in the 1960s. See Tester and Kulchyski, Tammarniit (cited in note 134), p. 186. RCAP” ” Tester and Kulchyski, Tammarniit (cited in note 134), p. 111. The authors also caution that the term experiment must be seen in the context of the administrative culture of the day. The civil servants involved in northern administration considered that they were opening up the North in a manner parallel to what had happened on the Prairies following Confederation— (p. 119). Experiment, at least in this context, had noble rather than sinister connotations.” RCAP.

1930s Poor hunting years in the North led to deprivation among the Inuit. (Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:11). Period of transition between the whaling period and the advent of trading posts.

1930 Bears teeth used as counters.

1930? Maurice was inspired to join the Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson’s Bay Company when the Archbishop of the Arctic visited his school.

1930 On April 7 Edward Beauclerk Maurice, a sixteen and a half year old teenager went to Pulteney House, on Pulteney Road, a large, elegant Victorian house set in its own picturesque south facing gardens, overlooking Bath Abbey, Bath in Somerset county. He was there to sign a contract with the Governor and Company of the Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson’s Bay Company. George Binney was the representative of the Company. The signing of the contract was witnessed by Laura Clifford and Mr. Belmont.

1930 Edward Beauclerk Maurice arrived in Montreal on his way to the Arctic. England Pangnirtung.

1930 Canadian Handicrafts Guild organized an exhibition of Eskimo Arts and Crafts at the McCord Museum in Montreal. The exhibition attracted the attention of the New York Times. (Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:11)

1931. The “first Catholic mission was established by Father E. Bazin at Avvajja, three kilometres north of Igloolik, in a qarmaq. The great shaman Ituksarjuat and his wife Ataguttaaluk, the last great isumataq (traditional leaders) of Igloolik (Atanarjuat 2002:7).”

1931. Hugh Rowatt was appointed as Commissioner of the Northwest Territories. There were budget cuts due to the Depression. (Parker 1996:28).

1931. Ittuksarjuat converted to Catholicism. He asked to be buried alone on a small island near Igloolik. Ittuksarjuat requested that Inuit “abandon the winter camp of Avvajjaq where bad spirits caused his illness (D’Anglure Atanarjuat 2002:226).”

1932. Ste Therese hospital was built in Chesterfield Inlet in 1932. Source Alexina Kublu Inuit Studies, Nunavut Arctic College.

1933. Sarah Ekoomiak was born in Richmond Gulf on the coast, not far from Kuujjuarapik, Hudson’s Bay. She was the oldest of six children who were born of Charlie Ekomiak and Lucy Menark in the camp of paternal grandfather Jimmie Ekomiak (Fleming) and his wife Annie (name?). Annie was small. The name was supposed to be umiak. Jimmie Ekoomiak Fleming was calling out Umiak! Umiak! So they gave him the name Umiak. Jimmie Ekoomiak died and was buried in Moose Factory cemetery. He was there in 1950s. William Menarick (Willie’s grandfather from his mother’s side). Menarick means smooth. William Menarick is the father of Simon, Caroline (b. strong woman, hunter who walked with a limp, liked Sarah, didn’t want her to get married).

1933-44. In Sarah Ekoomiak’s early childhood years before her mother’s premature death in 1944, her family lived on the land. Her grandfather Jimmie Ekomiak Fleming was camp leader. Grandfather Ekomiak was very skilled. He used to make cord from seal skin with a special knife with a curved blade. He made this cord for the dogsleds. Her father Charlie Ekomiak knew how to do this too. Her grandfather knew how to make fish nets. They fished using nets from canoes in rivers, lakes and James Bay all year round. It was a long net with buoys, a piece of a floating wood. They caught white fish and trout and cod, small fish called Kanayuk (sculpin); [need picture of different kinds of fish] used to fish in spring when ice cracks would open. They fished with a jig with a little handle, stick. Caught cod by jigging. Sarah (b.1933), Annie (b.1935), Maggie (b.1937), Sam (b.1939), Emily (b.1941), William (b.1943) were there when Sarah’s mother was alive until 1944. They moved to Kuujjuarapik. In 1941 or 1942 when Sarah was 8 or 9 they left Kuujjuarapik. They moved outside Kuujjuarapik. They lived in semi-tents with trees branches with moss between and a canvas on top. Spruce branches on the floor. Her mother would change the branches six children and mom and dad; Jimmie Ekoomiak Fleming and with his wife had their own tent. Grandmother Fleming was very strict. We lived in camps a lot. Grandmother Fleming kept all her sewing tools wrapped in a loon skin. Eight-year old Sarah and her grand Aunt Dinah wanted to look at the sewing tools but they knew they weren’t supposed to. Her father Charlie Ekoomiak was a good carver and he carved a doll for Sarah. He used to go away for two weeks at a time. All the men would go. The six children would stay behind with her mother. The children didn’t eat as well when the men were gone. Sometimes her mother would catch a rabbit. Sometimes she would fish. Once when Sarah’s mother was going fishing, she told Sarah to take care of Sammie who was only an infant c. 1940. Sarah was only seven or eight years old. Thsi was before Willie was born. They only had a ptarmigan a little meat. Sarah was told to chew the food before giving it to Sammie. Instead she swallowed it. Sarah felt so bad about this incident that she remembered it in 2004. She told me this story several times. Most of the time she would laugh about it but once their were tears in her eyes. Grandmother Rosie still had a seal oil kudlik to warm her teapot. She used cloth as a wick. She hung her kettle above the kudlik. In the morning it would be so cold and her father would make a fire in the morning. Charlie Ekomiak did carvings and he made harnesses for dogs. He decorated the harnesses with wool. Sarah would make little boots for dogs using a square with a hole and sew them for the dogs’ feet to protect the dogs’ feet in the rough ice. I had experienced that vicarious museum-effect while Sarah Ekomiak told stories of her childhood on the land near Chisasibi, Nunavik in the 1930s. Sarah’s family was semi-nomadic. As they moved from hunting camp to fishing camp, they would sometimes come upon ancient abandoned sites where ancient objects spoke of the people who had passed through here before. They found bones, weapons, the tops of tobacco tin cans recycled for oil lamps and even a narwhal tusk& This was the archives, the museum. When Peter Outridge came to present slides at our home one evening on his Arctic travels, he brought items that were collected from abandoned camps. This sparked Sarah’s memories. Sarah’s mother, Lucie Menarik could speak Cree. The Cree and Charlie Ekomiak camp got along well like a big family. The first time she went to Chisasibi Indians still lived in tents. She remembers them. Some are still living. Claude x 50-year-old lived in Chisasibi and he remembered the Ekomiaks. They shared flour and food with each other. Indians used to have toboggan with all their hunting things. Her father had komatik. They shared whatever they knew. Her aunt married an Indian. She died. They were happy together. They had seven children who are part Inuk and part Cree but now they don’t speak Inuktitut. They were the only Inuit family in Chisasibi. They brought us there to go to school. They got along well with the Cree. They spoke Inuktitut at home and Cree outside. Now in her old community they speak three languages, English too. Sarah’s grandmother taught her how to make good boots because she told her she would need to know how to sew them.

1934. Gold was discovered in Yellowknife. In 1938 the Con mine began production. Two local community supporters were Ingraham, a bootlegger and Giegerich, manager of Consolidated Mining and Smetling Company, now called Cominco. (Parker 1996:28) The Alaska Highway was pushed through BC and the Yukon. The Canol Pipeline was constructed from Norman Wells to Whitehorse through the Mackenzie mountains to carry oil. It was later abandoned. (Parker 1996:29).

1935. In the mid-1930s Atagutaaluk and her husband the shaman chief Ittuksarjuat lived in a qarmaq, a sod or stone house (D’Anglure 2002:222) in Igloolik which was illustrated by her daughter Suzanne Niviarsiat for the publication accompanying the film Atanarjuat (2002:213). Atagutaaluk survived the famine of 1905. A shaman Palluq from Igloolik and Repulse Bay found her. Ittuksarjuat died in. See also 1950 Rousseliere, Guy Mary. 1950. “Monica Ataguttaaluk, Queen of Iglulik.” Eskimo 16:13.

1935-6. Inuit lands and peoples were under the authority of the Department of the Interior, Annual Report 1935-36, p. 36

1936. The “Department of Indian Affairs was made a branch of the Department of Mines and Resources (1 Ed. VIII Chap. 33). The Indian Affairs Branch was placed under Dr. H. W. McGill as director. The branch included the following components: Field Administration (four inspectors, one Indian Commissioner and one hundred and fifteen agents); Medical Welfare and Training Service (responsible for schools, employment and agricultural projects); Reserves and Trust Service (responsible for land matters and timber disposal); Records Service (responsible for current files and historical material).” collections. ic. gc. ca/treaties/text/rec_e_tx. htm.

1936. Dr. Charles Camsell was appointed Commissioner of the Northwest Territories. His father was a factor of the Hudson’s Bay Company (Parker 1996:28).

1936. The Hudson’s Bay Company post was established at Igloolik.

1936. Responsibility for Indian Affairs passed to the Minister of Mines and Resources. The position of Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs which was part of the Canadian cabinet from 1867 until 1936, was abolished.

1936. “There was a Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs in the Canadian cabinet from 1867 until 1936 when the Minister of Mines and Resources became responsible for native affairs. In 1950 the Indian Affairs branch was transferred to the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, who had responsibility for “registered Indians” until the creation of the position of Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development in 1966. Before 1966 the Northern Development portions of the portfolio were the responsibility of the Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources.”

1937. The Catholic mission was built on Igloolik Island at Ikpiarjuk near the town of Igloolik.

1938. These were good years of living on the land for Sarah Ekoomiak and her family. She was only five years old. She can remember being tucked into the nose of her father’s kayak and she could see jellyfish, rocks, and fish. She cherishes this memory.

1938 Roman Catholic mission established at Cape Dorset.

1939 The Indian committee of the Canadian Handicrafts Guild was changed to Indian and Eskimo Committee to include the encouragement of Inuit work. Committee members included Alice Whitehall, Dr. Diamond Jenness. The Inuit collection at that time included miniature baskets, a kerosene lamp, fine fur work, walrus tusk ivories including an altar frontal made by the women of Pangnirtung.(Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:11)

1939 The Supreme Court of Canada ruled the Inuit were entitled to the same health, education and social services as the Indians were granted in the 1876 Indian Act. (Hessel 1998:190)

1939 The Canadian Handicrafts Guild exhibited Bishop Fleming’s Inuit art collection.(Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:11)

1939. Inuit relocations in the Arctic began in 1939 (Tester and Kulchyski 1994).

1939? Just before she died Sarah Ekoomiak’s paternal grandmother, Rosie (1860s - c.1937) lacked the strength and could no longer work as hard as she wanted. She couldn’t help others so she made a promise that her grandchildren would help others. Greatgrandmother Rosie Fleming was very spiritual. She became agitated because she could not tell her people about God so when she died a cigar-shaped form appeared in the sky writing letters of smoke in the heavens. The Hudson Bay company man could read it but none of the Inuit could. Sarah claims that she saw this so it must have been in the 1930s? when she died? The HBC man changed his religion because it was the only improvement he could think of. He changed from Catholic to Anglican. This happened in Kuujuarapik (Great Whale River).

1939 The Canadian Handicrafts Guild exhibited Bishop Fleming’s Inuit art collection (Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:11).

1940. Lascaux caves were discovered. Carbon dating provided proof that the human ancestry could be traced much farther back in time than previously understood (Leclerc 1992:36-9).

1940 It was noted in the minutes of the meeting of the Canadian Handicrafts Guild that the art of basketry was practiced in a section of the Ungava region. Basket making had been introduced there c. 1740 by the Moravian missionaries. (Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:12)

1940s RCMP conducted census of Inuit populations. They assigned the infamous identification numbering system using discs. These disc numbers were dropped during the “Operation Surname” in the 1960s. Canadian government assumed responsibility for Inuit welfare in the late 1940s. (Hessel 1998:8) 1940s. According to Bernard Saladin d’Anglure (2002 Atanarjuat: 225) shamanism was eradicated in the Arctic. An era of intense rivalry between Anglicans and Catholics began ending only in 1962-5 with the Second Vatican Council. Catholic missionaries encouraged Mark Tungilik in Repulse Bay to carve miniature ivories. There was widespread awareness of the threat of atomic bomb in the south. Certitudes in the West were shattered and philosophy was shaken (Leclerc 1992:36-8).

1940s According to Bernard Saladin d’Anglure (2002 Atanarjuat: 225) shamanism was eradicated in the Arctic. An era of intense rivalry between Anglicans and Catholics began ending only in 1962-5 with the Second Vatican Council.,

1940s Catholic missionaries encouraged Mark Tungilik in Repulse Bay to carve miniature ivories.,

1940s There was widespread awareness of the threat of atomic bomb. Certitudes were shattered. Philosophy was shaken (Leclerc 1992:36-8).

1940 -2 RCMP schooner St. Roch completed Northwest Passage from west to east?

1940 -2 Peter Pitseolak (1902 – 1973) experimented with watercolours and collage dressing a magazine image of Clark Gable with Inuit fur clothing. He would go on to become a skilled photographer. (Hessel 1998:25)

1940 – 45 Guild activities were cut back during WWII. (Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:12)

1941. S. Arneil, Investigation Report on Indian Reserves and Indian Administration, Province of Nova Scotia (Ottawa: Department of Mines and Resources, Indian Affairs Branch, August 1941). RCAP.

1942 Americans constructed the runway at Frobisher Bay (Iqaluit) leading to the employment of a number of Inuit on the US base until the Americans left in 1964. TY Colin for drawing my attention to this omission.

1943 . E9-630 Willie Ekomiak was born in Cape Jones on the coast across from Long Island. His mother dropped Willie when he was a baby and he was hurt. His wrist was bleeding very badly and she cried very hard. His mother Lucie Menarik Ekomiak died shortly after that. They were living in camp somewhere out in Kuujjuarapik. Before her mother died Sarah carried Willie on her back. Their mother died when Sarah was still in school. Sarah was the oldest girl. William was born when the family was moving south from Great Whale River to Fort George because Jimmy Ekomiak Fleming wanted his children to go to school. There were no schools farther north. William, his brother Samuel, Sarah, Maggie, Jeannie all went to school in Fort George. Other Inuit families included the Menarick’s, Isaac Fleming’s children. Jimmie Ekomiak Fleming was the camp leader. They lived by the river.

1944. Lucie Menarik Ekomiak, Sarah Ekoomiak and Willie Ekomiak’s mother died. She had bad migraines perhaps from high blood pressure. When she died he was adopted by his Aunt Martha and Uncle Thomas Ekoomiak. There were three or four camps together. Aunt Martha wore a shawl like many women of the time. Their sister Emilie (b.1941) was also adopted out but she was not well cared for so Charlie Ekomiak got her back from Great Whale River Kuujjuarapik. She became William’s favourite playmate. Great Whale River, Kuujjuarapik (by the Inuit) or Whapmagoostui (by the Cree).

1945 . “Indian Health Services was transferred from the Department of Mines and Resources to the Department of National Health and Welfare (P. C. 1945-6495). At this time Eskimo Health Services was also transferred from the responsibility of the Northwest Territories Division of Lands, Parks, and Forests Branch. R. A. Hoey was appointed director of Indian Affairs Branch.” collections. ic. gc. ca/treaties/text/rec_e_tx. htm.

1945-7. Jimmy Ekomiak Fleming moved south so that the children could attend school in Fort George. Sarah Ekoomiak lived in Chisasibi. Sarah Ekoomiak attended school in Fort George. Her grandfather decided that some of the children would attend Anglican school while the others attended the Catholic school. She tried to play with her uncle Elijah Menarik, her mother Lucie’s youngest brother, but it was hard to communicate because he spoke only Cree. They had made up a game using pebbles. Ask her about this. Elijah Menarik (1931-1991) was the youngest of ten children. The others were Lucie (Sarah Ekoomiak’s mother), Moses, Neeala, Johnny, Maggie, Marianne and Elijah. Marianne is still alive but she has developed alzheimers disease. His sister Lucie was Sarah Ekoomiak’s mother. Elijah was brought up with a Cree family with ten children and he could not speak Inuktitut until he was in his late teens. A white teacher Mrs. Heinz, had him sent to Inukjuak when he was 18 or 19 years old so he could learn Inuktitut! Elijah was active in the Co-ops in Iqaluit. He also worked in Inuvik for awhile. Sarah has his story and photo. Elijah’s success led to his alcoholism as every success was celebrated with alcohol. When he was young he worked as an orderly in Moose Factory hospital. His daughter Jeannie, Sarah’s first cousin lives in Africa with her millionaire French husband, originally from Montreal, who made a fortune in aircraft.

1945-61. Oblate missionary Father Franz van de Velde was the only white person in the remote community of Pelly Bay. He encouraged the production and marketing of ivory miniatures and scenes. He sold them through the mail (Hessel 1998:109).

1945 Maurice, at 32 years of age moved to New Zealand, became a bookseller in an English village and never traveled again.

1946 The International Whaling Commission (IWC) began regulating whaling.

1946 Canadian Army’s Arctic military exercise “Operation Muskox” at Baker Lake. Major Cleghorn noted the high quality of carvings in the Keewatin area and suggested this potential developed.

1946. American capitalists began to invest in Canadian companies. Prior to WWII British investors were the principal investors in Canadian companies (Leclerc 1992:36-8).

1946. Barnett Newman (1946) wrote the opening paragraph ‘Northwest Coast Indian Painting’ in an exhibition catalogue for the Betty Parsons Gallery in New York, in which he argued that, “It is becoming more and more apparent that to understand modern art, one must have an appreciation of primitive arts, for just as modern art stands as an island of revolt in the stream of Western European aesthetics, the many primitive art traditions stand apart as authentic accomplishments that flourished without benefit of European history (Cited in Houle 1982:3).” 1946. La philosophie francaise souffrait d’une mise en question. La guerre et l’occupation avait mis fin a l’anti-intellectualisme bergsonien (compromis par une obscrue parante avec l’irrationalisme allemand). En 1946 des hegelians et les existentialists commence a monter.1946 La philosophie francaise professionelle commence a naitre, souverain, temoin et juge exterieur a la vie, distingue par leur distance (la vie spirituelle). (Lefebvre 1958:12).

1946 La philosophie francaise souffrait d’une mise en question. La guerre et l’occupation avait mis fin a l’anti-intellectualisme bergsonien (compromis par une obscrue parante avec l’irrationalisme allemand). En 1946 des hegelians et les existentialists commence a monter.1946 La philosophie francaise professionelle commence a naitre, souverain, temoin et juge exterieur a la vie, distingue par leur distance (la vie spirituelle). (Lefebvre 1958:12),

1947 Dr. Hugh Keenleyside was appointed Commissioner of the Northwest Territories. Under his leadership education, social service and health programs were implemented. (Parker 1996:30),

1947 In connection with Operation Muskox, a weather station was established in Baker Lake.

1947 M. V. Nascopie sinks off Cape Dorset.

1947 The Guild was asked to encourage Inuit in the Ungava region to continue carving as a much needed source of additional income. Hunting was poor, the price of fur was down and the Inuit had proven their gift for carving. The Guild emphasized the need to maintain the artist’s individuality and independence. A one-page letter was sent to northern communities asking them to carve ivory models, brooches, pendants… (Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:12)

1947 James Houston from Grandmère visited Port Harrison.(Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:12)

1947. Dr. Hugh Keenleyside was appointed Commissioner of the Northwest Territories. Under his leadership education, social service and health programs were implemented. (Parker 1996:30).

1947. Jock McNiven, manager of Negus mine in Yellowknife, was appointed to the Council of the Northwest Territories. (Parker 1996:30).

1947. Three years after the death of his first wife Lucie, Charlie Ekomiak married Maggie Tootoo (tuktu). William was in the hospital when he was three. He was a chubby baby.

1947. “The Welfare and Training Division was split into a Welfare Division (responsible for welfare, family allowances, Veterans’ Land Act administration, and handicrafts) and an Education Division.” collections. ic. gc. ca/treaties/text/rec_e_tx. htm.

1947. Henri-Georges Clouzot’s classical film Quai des Orfevres was shown portraying the dance halls and historic crime corridors of 1940s Paris. Various furs — fox furs, sunburst, coats, collars, trim, hats — worn by Jenny Lamour, the ambitious singer with stars in her eyes, in the chilly interiors of poorly heated Parisian buildings, were important ‘actors’ in this classical film.

1947. The western part of the Mackenzie delta area was added to the Yukon Territories. (Parker 1996:30).

1948 . Communists took over Czecheslovakia. There was a threat of an iron curtain dividing Europe along a north-south axis. The Cold War began with democratic and communist countries in tension each holding the other in atomic terror (Leclerc 1992:36).

1948. Polio struck the Keewatin region. By 1949 there was a serious epidemic in Chesterfield Inlet. Quarantine was put into affect which included the surrounding regions. Mark Kalluak, wrote about his childhood experience with polio in a 1997 article for Inuktitut magazine.

1948-52. These were the years William Ekomiak (b.1943) remembers as the hungry years. Sarah was between 15 to 19 years old. Willie was between 5 to nine years old.

1949 – 1953 Early years of contemporary period of Inuit art.

1949 The Guild sponsored James Houston’s trip to Povungnitok region in order for him to purchase Inuit arts and crafts.(Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:12)

1949 Canadian Handicraft Guild of Montreal sale of Inuit art on Peel Street. Guild members C. J. G. Molson (Quebec branch)and Alice Whitehall encouraged James Houston to return north to buy more carvings. This marked the beginning of what art historians call the “contemporary period of Inuit art” (Wenzel 1985:81) The Canadian Handicraft Guild sponsored the James Houston project promoting Inuit carvings in the south. From this time onwards public galleries began small collections of Inuit art (Jessup 1992:xiv)? Confirm?

1949. “Indian Affairs Branch transferred to the Department of Citizenship and Immigration (13 Geo. VI Chap. 16). The administrative structure of the Branch remained virtually unchanged. A Construction and Engineering Service, however, was created. 1948 – Maj. D. M. MacKay appointed director of Indian Affairs Branch.” collections. ic. gc. ca/treaties/text/rec_e_tx. htm.

1949. Striking of the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences popularly known as the Massey Commission after its Chair, Vincent Massey.

1949-50. The NWT Ennadai Lake Signal Detachment of Operation Muskox? arranged an airlift of the Kazan River Inuit community. The group was in danger of starvation after migrant caribou herds by-passed the area. The Inuit returned the next year and were frequent recipients of the detachment’s medical aid until the detachment closed three years later. In that year there was widespread starvation. Comment: Was there a relationship between the disappearing caribou herds and Operation Muskox?

1949 Molson, C. J. G., Alice Whitehall, et al. 1949. The Guild sponsored James Houston’s trip to Povungnitok region in order for him to purchase Inuit arts and crafts (Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:12). Canadian Handicraft Guild of Montreal sale of Inuit art on Peel Street. Guild members C. J. G. Molson (Quebec branch) and Alice Whitehall encouraged James Houston to return north to buy more carvings. The Guild held a sale of Inuit art on Peel Street, Montreal marking the beginning of the contemporary period of Inuit art. (Wenzel 1985:81) (1949-53). Montreal, Canadian Handicraft Guild. The Guild sponsored James Houston’s trip to Povungnitok region in order for him to purchase Inuit arts and crafts.(Canadian Guild of Crafts Quebec 1980:12) Canadian Handicraft Guild of Montreal sale of Inuit art on Peel Street. Guild members C. J. G. Molson (Quebec branch) and Alice Whitehall encouraged James Houston to return north to buy more carvings. The Guild held a sale of Inuit art on Peel Street, Montreal marking the beginning of the contemporary period of Inuit art. (Wenzel 1985:81) (1949-53)

1950. Cape Dorset gets a one-room school.

1950. Federal day school opened in Igloolik. Anglican mission established in Igloolik.

1950. From 1850 to 1950 concepts such as Wilderness and North informed Canadian visual and literary arts. See Heath (1983:46).

1950. Heinrich’s (1950) article entitled “Some Present-Day Acculturative Innovations in a Nonliterate Society” published in the American Anthropologist focused on his study of the emergence of the ivory carving as a Diomede Eskimo of Alaska cultural industry. The Inuit innovated and expanded on cultural products for the tourist market.

1950. Hugh Young, a strong army man, was named Commissioner of the Northwest Territories. In 1925 he had established Aklavik as an army signals station (Parker 1996:30).

1950. “In 1950 the Indian Affairs branch was transferred to the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, who had responsibility for “registered Indians” until the creation of the position of Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development in 1966. Before 1966 the Northern Development portions of the portfolio were the responsibility of the Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources.” wikipedia.

1950. Inuit first vote in a Canadian election (Alia).

1950. A nursing station was built at Baker Lake.

1950. The “offices of Minister of Mines and Resources and Minister of Reconstruction and Supply were abolished by Statute and the offices of the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Minister of Mines and Technical Surveys and Minister of Resources and Development created and proclaimed in force on 18 Jan. 1950.” wikipedia.

1950. Rousseliere, Guy Mary. 1950. “Monica Ataguttaaluk, Queen of Iglulik.” Eskimo. 16:13.

1950. There were only five galleries advertised in the Montreal Star. By 1972 there were already forty-five. Harold Town graduated from the Ontario College of Art in 1944 was not able to see a single non-figurative painting until 1953. See Withrow (1972:8). Town noted that at that time their were few art teachers because of the war. Town grew up in a rough working-class WASP neighbourhood in Toronto. He worked as commercial illustrator to support his own studio work in the 1940s. His reputation grew when he exhibited with the Painters Eleven in 1952. His work was highly cotés which allowed him to have a comfortable home in Toronto with his family.

1950 A nursing station was built at Baker Lake.

1950s Puvirnituq developed around a HBC post.

1951 Anglican church is built in Cape Dorset.

1951 James Houston visited Pangnirtung and showed crafts and carvings. He noted that the area did not have really good carving stone. But the women could create art with a needle by sewing on their clothing.

1952 Doug Wilkinson produced Land of the Long Day about Joseph Idlout from Pond Inlet, a respected hunter and camp leader. The 1967 two dollar bill depicted a still from the film with Idlout.

1950s Slump in fox fur trade.

1950s In Rankin Inlet some Inuit employed by nickel mine.

1952 Canadian government promotes Inuit art. Akeeaktashuk carvings of Hunter, Bear…

1952 Salluit began its art project and by 1955 70% of the adult population were carving (1998 Hessel).

1953 Pangnirtung used to be largest settlement in the eastern or central Arctic. Famous old center for Scottish whalers. Small hospital. C. D. Howe anchored there. Pannirtung Fjord is particularly beautiful. Mountains are blue, snow capped.

1953 Houston visited Pangnirtung again and saw some enormous Arctic bowheads (Houston, James. 1996:151).

1955 Alma and James Houston settle in Cape Dorset and are active in encouraging carving and handicrafts.

1955. Turquetil Hall residence was opened in 1955(?) in Chesterfield Inlet. Source Alexina Kublu Inuit Studies, Nunavut Arctic College.

1957 – 58 Widespread starvation in the Keewatin area. Back River camps move into Baker Lake.

1957 A federal dayschool opened at Baker Lake. Pre-fabricated subsidized government housing constructed from the mid-1950s. Northern Services Officer Doug Wilkinson encouraged the development of the arts and crafts industry in Baker Lake.

1958 James Houston studies printmaking in Japan.

1958 The Povungnitok Sculptors’ Society formed in 1958 and became the Povungnituk’s Co-operative in 1960 (Myers, M. ).

1959 West Baffin Cooperative first print collection printed in 1959 was shown at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in 1960.

1960s Jorgen Meldgaard excavated Palaeo-Eskimo occupations at Igloolik. 1961 Bernard Saladin d’Anglure was shown petroglyphs Dorset sites of the coast of Nunavik.

1961 West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative is incorporated.

1963 Rankin Inlet ceramics project introduced.

1960s The Winnipeg Art Gallery and the Canadian Museum of Civilization (the National Museum of Man) started to collect, research and exhibit Inuit art.

1964 The first ‘matchbox” houses are brought to Cape Dorset. Cape Dorset gets its first telephones.

1969 The S. S.Manhattan, an American icebreaker-tanker made the $40 million northwest passage through Canadian Arctic waters .

1970 Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC) a national political association, formed by Inuit students living in the south. Inuit politics was born. Before the 1970s the co-op was the only organized voice Inuit had. (Myers 1980:139)

1970 Baker Lake’s first print collection published. This was the year after the arrival of southern artists Sheila and Jack Butler. Sanavik Co-operative is incorporated in 1971.

1971 “Arctic Quebec cooperatives combined with the community councils to begin negotiating a form of regional government within the province of Quebec (Myers 1980:143).”

1971 Inuit sculpture showcased in international exhibition, Sculpture/Inuit: Masterworks of the Canadian Arctic(Canadian Eskimo Arts Council). 1970s Igloolik artists begin to produce art in quantities in 1970s.

1973 – 1988 Pangnirtung printmaking co-op is established as a territorial government sponsored project.

1976 The annual Cape Dorset print collection included Pudlo Pudlat’s controversial print entitled Airplane .

1976 “Before 1976 the anti-sealing campaign centered on the need for sound conservation and humane killing practices. After 1976, because of a strong regulatory regime enacted by the Canadian government on species conservation, the issues shifted to a ‘morality of any use of seals’ (Wenzel 1991:47).”

1977 Inuit prints showcased in international exhibition, The Inuit Print/L’estampe Inuit (National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada).

1977 Inuit Circumpolar Conference adopted Inuit as the designation for all Eskimos, regardless of local usages. (1996) Arctic Perspectives.

1977 Baker Lake print shop, its drawing archives and 1977 print collection are destroyed by fire.

1980 “Inuit arts and crafts generated five million dollars in personal income for Inuit (Myers 1980:141).”

1980 The Macdonald Stewart Art Centre acquired over 400 drawings dating from the 1960s to the 1990s by Canadian Inuit artists.

1980s The National Gallery of Canada and the Art Gallery of Ontario begin to collect, research and exhibit Inuit art.

1980s In the 1980s, postcards were distributed to 12 million United States and United Kingdom households depicting the infamous Canadian Atlantic fisher swinging a bat at a baby seal and eliciting an overwhelming emotional response. Major legislative bodies relented to public pressure with a staggering impact on wildlife management. The collapse of the sealskin market marked a victory for protesters who had waged the most effective, international mass media campaign ever undertaken (Ejesiak, Flynn-Burhoe 2005).”

1981 In 1981 ringed seal natisiq provided nearly 2/3 of the edible biomass in Clyde River. In 1982-3 seal was barely half this total (Wenzel 1991:125)

1982 The members of the European Economic Community agreed to a voluntary ban on the importation of seal products and have recently agreed to indefinitely extend this embargo (Wenzel 1985).”

1983 Economy of the North: Until 1983 cash came from seal skins.

1985 “Inuk lawyer Paul Okalik’s arguments for recognition of the seal as mainstay of the Inuit fell on deaf ears in 1985. Today, he speaks as the premier of Nunavut, Canada’s newest territory, a vast region of the central and eastern Arctic covering over a million square miles. Nunavut, which means ”our land,” is the result of decades of deliberations, one of four Canadian Arctic regions involved in self-government negotiations (Ejesiak, Flynn-Burhoe 2005).”

1985 George W. Wenzel wrote an article entitled “Marooned in a Blizzard of Contradictions: Inuit and the Anti-Sealing Movement” in the journal Etudes Inuit Studies in which he argued that “For the past thirty years opponents of commercial sealing, as practiced in Canada have attempted through public, media, and governmental pressures to bring an end to the hunt.” “The 1985 Council of the European Economic Community extended the 1983 ban on imports of all products of the commercial sealhunt. This closed the most important fur fashion market to sealskins and devastated the Canadian sealskin market. It was an impressive victory for animal rights activists. “To Inuit, however, who had gone virtually unnoticed in the general furor of lobbying in the preceding days, it represented not simply the loss of a market but the real problem of maintaining the fabric of their culture in the face of southern domination.” At this time, in 1985, the Royal Commission on Seals and the Sealing Industry was in the midst of hearings on the sealhunt. Canadians hoped that this ‘hard scientific data’ would convince the EEC of the environmental integrity and socioeconomic importance of at least some aspects of sealing.” This was a naive point of view. When the ban was extended no thought was given to the consequences in the lives of 25,000 Inuit. The Inuit had just presented their testimonies to the Royal Commission. These were not heard before the EEC made their decision. In the US and Europe “…anti-sealing waged a ‘public relations battle’ to ‘capture southern hearts and minds’. “The milestones of this war were recorded by the contributions that reached the campaign coffers and the bags of pre-printed IFAW and Greenpeace postcards that inundated the desks of politicians.’ ‘Canada’s Inuit did not choose to be involved in the sealing controversy. To Inuit it was an issue between Qallunat – those Whites who took sealskins for money alone and those to whom this was wrong (Wenzel 1991:3).”

1987 The Macdonald Stewart Art Centre presented its touring exhibition Contemporary Inuit Drawings, the first survey exhibition of drawings by Inuit artists.

1989 First Inuit art exhibition in the National Gallery of Canada’s new building: Pudlo: Thirty Years of Drawing. Pudlo Pudlat attends opening.

1991 George W. Wenzel published Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic. This research which began as a short journal article developed into a book over a ten year period. Much of the data gathered on the Inuit sealhunt was gathered in Clyde River, Baffin Island in the late 1980’s. The US Congress, antifur groups were other ‘sites’ of research. This is the most thorough, the most credible of all the research materials available on the sealhunt.

1992 Pangnirtung’s Uqqurmiut Inuit Artists Association opens its weave shop, built a new print shop and began releasing collections.

1994 Baker Lake Art Symposium, Baker Lake which included the opening of the exhibition Qamanittuaq: Where the River Widens.

1998 First Inuit art history survey textbook published Hessel, Ingo. Inuit Art. He described how more than 4,000 Inuit have made over one million works since the 1940s. (Hessel ix) 35,000 Inuit live in about 50 small communities in the North. (Hessel 1998:9)

1999 April 1, the First Government of Nunavut was formed under Paul Okalik. Over the next five years the Nunavut Government stablished a Unified Court system; Human Rights Act for Nunavut was passed by the Legislative Assembly; Created Inuit Impact Benefit Agreement on Territorial Parks in partnership with NTI; Established major crown corporations: Nunavut Housing Corporation and Qulliq Energy Corporation; Signed a Northern Co-operation Accord with the Northwest Territories and Yukon; Updated and created legislation and policies to reflect the specific needs of Nunavut; Negotiated a protocol with Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. on bilateral co-operation. A review of the protocol was conducted and, in light of experience, resulted in the government and NTI agreeing to conduct their working relations in accordance with Iqqanaijaqatigiit (Working Together.) (GN 2004).

2000 Edward Beauclerk Maurice was 87-years-old completing his book on his youthful experience in Canada’s North in the 1930s. He worried about the use of the word Eskimo instead of Inuit. His manuscript was already complete and when he was in the North Eskimo was the term used.

2001. In September 2001, “the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples commenced hearings to develop An Action Plan for Change: Urban Aboriginal Youth . Upon examination of issues affecting urban Aboriginal youth in Canada, in particular, access, provision and delivery of services, policy and jurisdictional issues, employment and education, access to economic opportunities, youth participation and empowerment and other related matters, the Committee is expected to table its report no later than June 28, 2002. So far, the Committee has held seven meetings and heard evidence from witnesses of the Department of Human Resources Development Canada, the Privy Council Office, Statistics Canada and the Department of Justice Canada.” See SSCAP (2001) sen. parl. gc. ca/lpearson/htmfiles/hill/22_htm_files/v22_SenateStudy. htm.

2001. Inuit elder, artist, cultural worker and activist, Mariano Aupilardjuk was honoured with an Aboriginal Achievement Award in 2001 for his contributions as a bridge between generations, Inuit governance, local residents, on how to use IQ in modern society. In local Rankin Inlet elementary and secondary schools, at NAC, across Canada, advises RCMP, facilitates community and pan-territorial healing, and works with youth to help them acquire land skills.

2002 Bernard Saladin d’Anglure translated Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk’s Sanaaq , a fictional account of a woman in Nunavik who was born in the 1930s.

2003 “Climate change is eroding the role Inuit elders play in their communities because it makes their traditional knowledge unreliable, elders told researchers at a workshop on global warming last week in Kangiqsujuaq (Nelson 2003).”

2004 The ICC got the idea of petitioning the Commission from the compelling scientific evidence of the Artic Climate Impact Assessment (Watt-Cloutier 2004).

2004 Wayne Govereau, Population and Public Health, Dept. of Health and Social Services, Government of Nunavut, Iqaluit, Nunavut was investigator for the Nunavut. Dept. of Health and Social Service for a research project entitled, “Monitoring temporal trends of human environmental contaminants in the NWT and Nunavut : Inuvik and Baffin regions.” “The Nunavut Department of Health and Social Services with support from the Northern Contaminants Program is delivering a program which measures levels of environmental contaminants in the blood and hair of volunteer pregnant women from the Baffin region. The overall goal of this program is to establish a time trend of selected environmental contaminants in human blood and hair in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The results from this study will strengthen national and international efforts to limit the global pollution that affects northern people. Information collected about lifestyle during pregnancy will help to explain relationships between lifestyle and exposure to environmental contaminants, and to promote healthy babies and pregnancies in Nunavut. The study will involve the recruitment of pregnant women in Iqaluit once they arrive to give birth. Women will be asked to answer some questions about lifestyle and diet during pregnancy. Participants will be asked to sign a consent form agreeing to provide a hair sample, a sample of their blood and blood from their umbilical cord after it has been cut. The blood sample will be collected during a scheduled blood draw, and will not involve and risk or discomfort beyond what is normally experienced. During the recruitment process, women can decide whether they wish to sign a consent form agreeing to also participate in Phase 2 of the study in 2005/2006. Phase 2 involves follow up with their infants at 6 months of age. This follow up will involve tests to assess if prenatal exposure to contaminants has effected infant development. Communication is an important part of this monitoring program. Communication activities will be ongoing with communities, stakeholders and participants throughout the program (ASTIS 2007).”

2004 Kativik Regional Government and Laval University signed an agreement resulting in the creation Nunivaat Nunavik statistics program which provides updated statistics and research reports. Nunivaat now has a database of information at nunivaat.

2005 “Over 100 dignitaries, family and friends were on hand at the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut as The Honourable Ann Meekitjuk Hanson was sworn in as the third Commissioner of Nunavut on April 21, 2005. In an emotional ceremony, Elders, the Premier of Nunavut, Members of the Legislative Assembly, federal representatives, and honored guests applauded as Ann Meekitjuk Hanson was appointed to the post. She was sworn-in officially and signed the oath of office with Senator Willie Adams presiding, as the representative of the Government of Canada, which officially appointed her to the post [. . .] Commissioner Hanson is the 3rd official Commissioner of Nunavut, following Helen Mamayaok Maksagak and Peter Taqtu Irniq (GN 2005 ).”

2005 Rodolfo Stavenhagen, special rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people of Canada reported to the Commission on Human Rights that, “In Nunavut, the existing social housing units are among the oldest, smallest and mostcrowded in Canada. There is a severe housing shortage in Nunavut that adversely affects the health of Inuit, in particular of children, and it is estimated that 3,500 new units are needed over the next five years. The overall health of Inuit continues to lag far behind that of other Canadians. Life expectancy is 10 years lower than the rest of Canada. Many health indicators are getting worse. Arctic research shows that changes in traditional diets lead to increased health problems, particularly of mental health, characterized by increased rates of depression, seasonal affective disorder, anxiety and suicide. Inuit leaders are deeply concerned that the housing, education, health and suicide situation have reached crisis proportions and are not being addressed by the federal Government (Stavenhagen 2005:#38-39).”

2006 Gérard Duhaime of Laval university, produced a socio-economic profile of Nunavik.

2007-03-29 Kirt Ejesiak of Iqaluit was chosen to represent Nunavut for the federal Liberals. “Ejesiak, a Fulbright Scholar, has a masters of public administration degree from Harvard, making him the first Inuk to hold a post-secondary degree from the American university. Before going to Harvard, he had served as an Iqaluit city councillor and deputy mayor, and was Premier Paul Okalik’s principal secretary. He is currently CEO and creative director of Uqsiq Communications, an Iqaluit-based multimedia communications firm, as well as managing partner of the Gallery by the Red Boat, an art gallery in Apex (CBC 2007).”

2007-09-25 Indian and Northern Affairs minister Chuck Strahl visited Iqaluit, Nunavut Tuesday, where he announced $17 million in new funding for ­ International Polar Year projects. The money funds 10 research projects, and includes $7 million to study the impact of climate change on the Arctic tundra and $2.5 million to study the changing sub-Arctic treeline.

2007-10-04 A researcher with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gary Stern, presenting at the northern contaminants workshop in Lake Louise, Alberta, admits that the levels of mercury particularly in the Arctic Ocean have risen over the last fifteen years and indeed have been linked to health problems such as birth defects and cancer. In spite of that however, he contends that the benefits of eating caribou, whale (beluga) or ring seals as a rich source of vitamins and nutrition are greater than the risks. He also admits that more studies must be done to reveal the sources of mercury contamination which are particularly high in Arctic birds, beluga and ringed seals (CBC 2007-10-05).

Freeman, M. 1976. Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project, Vol. 3: Land Use Atlas. Ottawa: Dept. of Indian and Northern Affairs.

Berger, T. R. 1980. Report of the Commission on Indian and Inuit Health Consultation. Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada.

Berger, T. R. 1985. Village Journey: The Report of the Alaska Native Review Commission. New York: Hill and Wang.

Brice-Bennet, C. Ed. 1977. Our Footprints Are Everywhere: Inuit Land Use and Occupation in Labrador. Ottawa: Queen’s Printer.

Castellano, Marlene Brant. 1983. “Canadian Case Study: The Role of Adult Education Promoting Community Involvement in Primary Health Care.” Unpublished manuscript. Trent University.

Castellano, Marlene Brant. 1986. “Collective Wisdom: Participatory Research and Canada’s Native People.” Convergência. 19 (3):50-53.

2001 [1975]. “Comments on Carving Soapstone by Aktug, Atoat and Pauloosie, The Beaver , Winnipeg: Hudsons’s Bay Company, Autumn 1975. Courtesy of The Beaver , Canada’s National History Society.” in North: Landscape of the Imagination , vol. V. Ottawa, ON: National Library of Canada. nlc-bnc. ca/2/16/h16-7500-e. html.

Blodgett, Jean and Bouchard, Marie. 1986. Jessie Oonark: A Retrospective . Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery.

Boswell, Randy. 2003. “Unsung Arctic heroine.” in The Ottawa Citizen .

CMC. “Lost Visions, Forgotten Dreams Life and Art of an Ancient Arctic People.” Canadian Museum of Civilisation. civilization. ca/archeo/paleoesq/peinteng. html.

DIAND. 1975-. “Igloolik Research Centre.” pooka. nunanet/

Duhaime, Gérard. 2006. “Socio-Economic Profile of Nunavik 2006.”

Ejesiak, Kirt; Flynn-Burhoe, Maureen. 2005. “Animal Rights vs. Inuit Rights.” The Boston Globe. May 8, 2005. >> Op-Ed. Kennedy School. Harvard University. Eber, Dorothy. 1971. “Pitseolak: Pictures Out of My Life.” Toronto: Oxford University Press.

Eber, Dorothy H. . 1985. When the Whalers were up North Montreal: : McGill-Queen’s University Press. Native and Northern Studies. .

Eber, Dorothy Harley. 2004. “Eva Talooki: Her Tribute to Seed Beads, Long-time Jewels of the Arctic.” Inuit Art Quarterly 19:12-17.

George, Jane. 2000. “Inuit lodge complaint over government dog extermination.” in Nunatsiaq News . Kuujjuaq.

Grygier, Pat Sandiford. 1994. A Long Way from Home: the Tuberlosis Epidemic among the Inuit . Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Iglauer, Edith 1964. “Re Armour, Bill’s role in Baker Lake cultural industry in the early 1960s.” Macleans .

Iqallijuq, Rose and Johanasi Ujarak. 1998. “The Private and Public Performances of the Angakkut: Discoveries of starvation and cannibalism through ilimmaqturniq.” Pp. 159-162 in Cosmology and Shamanism: Interviewing Inuit Elders , edited by B. S. d’Anglure. Iqaluit, NU: Nunavut Arctic College.

Mitchell, Marybelle. 1996. From Talking Chiefs to a Native Corporate Elite: The Birth of Class and Nationalism among Canadian Inuit . Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Niven, Jennifer. “Ada Blackjack: A True Story of Survival in the Arctic.”

Oosten, Jarich, Frédéric Laugrand, and Wim Rasing. 1999. Perspectives on Traditional Inuit Law , vol. 12. Iqaluit, NU: Nunavut Arctic College. nunavut/traditionalknowledge/vol2/references. html.

Parker, John. 1996. Arctic Power: The Path to Responsible Government in Canada’s North . Peterborough: The Cider Press.

Patrtridge, Shannon. 2002. “A Social History of Film-Making in the North.” in Introduction to Northern-Centred Sociology , edited by M. Flynn-Burhoe. Iqaluit, NU. carleton. ca/

Rousseliere, Guy Mary. 1950. “Monica Ataguttaaluk, Queen of Iglulik.” Eskimo 16:13.

Rowley, Graham. 1998. Cold Comfort: My Love Affair with the Arctic . Montreal/Kingston: McGill/Queen’s University Press. mqup. mcgill. ca/print_book. php? bookid=292.

Steenhoven, Geert van den. 1958. Caribou Eskimo Law . Ottawa, ON: Department of Northern Affairs.

Wachowich, Nancy, Apphia Agalakti Awa, Rhoda Kaukjak Katsak, and Sandra Pikujak Katsak. 1999. Saqiyuq: Stories from the Lives of Three Inuit Women . Montreal/Kingston: McGill/Queen’s University Press.

WAG. 1982. Eskimo Point/Arviat . Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery.

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Wenzel, George W. 1985. “Marooned in a Blizzard of Contradictions: Inuit and the Anti-Sealing Movement.” Etudes Inuit Studies . 9:1:77-92.

Wenzel, George W. 1991. Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic . Toronto/Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. 206pp.

Tester, James and Peter Kulchyski. 1994. Tammarniit (Mistakes): Inuit Relocation in the Eastern Arctic 1939-63. Vancouver: UBC Press.

Creative Commons 2.5 Flynn-Burhoe, 1992 -2007, “Timeline of Inuit Social History.” & gt; & gt; Google Docs docs. google/Doc? id=ddp3qxmz_382htsngp Last updated November 30, 2007.

Creative Commons 2.5 Flynn-Burhoe, 1992 -2007, “Timeline of Inuit Social History.” & gt; & gt; Speechless docs. google/Doc? id=ddp3qxmz_382htsngp Last updated November 30, 2007.

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your website sucks you just pressurized from other websites hahahahhah.

Actually Ameer Hassan it had taken me about ten years to compile this timeline with most of the research done in archives and libraries. I’ve actually read the books in this bibliography. This timeline, which I have also uploaded to inuitartwebliography, a website which I later developed into a blog, is among the most often visited posts in my blogs. This is why I use Web 2.0 Plus and the Creative Commons 3.0. I add to it when I can and often in response to requests. One visitor asked me to shorten the timeline for him/her. I think he/she wanted some an easy way out of a homework assignment?

I like your creative use of the word “pressurized” when you could have used “plagiarized.” Plagiarism is a very serious offense for anyone engaged in teaching, learning and research.

I am very careful to always cite sources in my posts. I want to remember where I found information and I want readers/users to be able to verify sources to ensure I interpreted or cited the source accurately.

I decided to share all my teaching, learning and research notes to help others find resources that are not always easy to find.

This year for example, Grade Five students in Calgary, Alberta, Canada are doing a section on Inuit in Canada. One of the Grade Five teachers could not name one “famous” Inuit (someone who had made a contribution to Inuit social history). I want my years of work to make it easier for that teacher and others to revisit the history of relations between settlers and the First Peoples as was recommended in the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People (1996). We need to know the names of Mariano Aupilardjuk, Jessie Oonark, Sheila Watt-Cloutier, Paul Okalik for example.

I believe this timeline of Inuit social history is the most up-to-date of all my timelines.

And I am sorry but I cannot provide you or anyone with a shortened version. Take what you need and leave the rest.

And (Parker 1996) refers to.

Parker, John. 1996. Arctic Power: The Path to Responsible Government in Canada’s North. Peterborough: The Cider Press.

A significant omission from the timeline is the constrcution of the runway at Frobisher Bay (Iqaluit) by the Americans in 1942. This led to the employment of a number of Inuit on the US base until the Americans left in 1964. This is an important item in the social history.

Olá. Fantastic timeline! Thank you for producing it, it is very helpful reference material and also very interesting. One question: I have a carving with a disc number inscribed, but that disc number does not appear in the IAC database. Clearly the artist wished to claim ownership of its production by inscribing the disc number. So “privacy” issues should not apply. How and where would I find a list of ALL the disc numbers so I could identify the artist? RCMP? Thanks for any assistance you can provide.

Obrigado pelo seu feedback. I believe the Inuit Art Foundation in Ottawa are still providing help for collectors who wish to know the names linked to the e-numbers. The lists are also on-line but I would have to do explore a little to find them again.

ameer, you are an idiot. Great page, i am studying inuits at HS and found this to be extremely helpful. Muito obrigado!

Donate your organs.

hello, i would just like to say this is an extremely interesting and detailed timeline and i’m glad it is free to access online!

I am currently writing a paper on Knud Rasmussen’s thule expedition and i had a query about something you referanced but didn’t seem to include in your bibliography, it is by d’Anglure (i assume you mean Bernard Saladin d’Anglure ) and written in 2002- i can’t find any reference of it anywhere else - if possible could you send me the details? obrigado.

Thank-you for the exceptional work done here. The additional referencing also widen my own research lens..

this is alot of work and I like all of it.

what is a disk number inscribe?

A great piece of work.

A great piece of hard and valuable work.

Olá ! and i know my grandpa jusie aullaluk and my dad levi aulaluk alasuak, is know aboud a history for smith island hudson bay company in gavesmith and ty hard work in ther by become a chep and i know told me aboud in and i know to in company if ty come and tasond buy ous yead sy ous and ty well buy ous wat ty sy we need to se for in and today is last a staff now some becop somting aboud in for money in befor ty hard work and tasd give a last a sell sken and others to and other pepoles and ty lead me know huw ar names… we become in smith island gavesith ….my grand grand pa aullalulualu aullaluk . and my my name norman noah aullaluk ..to you belive wat i sy ..

Very, very interesting read and thank you, not a lot of sites are dedicated to posting timelines of our ancestry. I will use what I can to educate my own children. I try to practice Inuit traditional Knowledge the best way I know how in this day and age. It’s still engrained in us who came of the land camps to live in settlements and we just need a little encouragement and knudge to start helping. Trying to teach our young people our traditional practices vs ipad and ipod or ds, is so hard, especailly when we still have to fight to be heard, even with our own governments and/or sometimes our inuit orgs, it’s still the same, just different people at the helm, too many rules & regulations or policies, since these practices are not ours traditionally, to just surviving up here (sometimes daily survival in the more remote communities) is still the norm. People just don’t like to offend our leaders, as we have so much respect, we don’t want to make our own look bad so people don’t say anything. thank you, this is very informative.

Heritage.

Killimor Heritage Trail.

Please CLICK the Image to view and travel our Heritage Trail.

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The Hanney Collection.

The following images of invitation cards were taken from the memorabilia of the late Mrs. Marie Hanney, Stowlin, Eyrecourt, (née Porter, Killimor). Access to these souvenirs was granted through the courtesy of her son Vincent Hanney.

These invitations were issued for four different causes. It will be noted that two were printed by Kelly’s, Loughrea and the other two by “Democrat” Printing Works, Ballinasloe. Each committee, very politely, presented their compliments to the recipients!

The Honorary Secretaries of Killimor Branch of I. T. & amp; G. W. U. (Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union) invited Miss Whelan to their dance in Killimor Sinn Féin Hall on Easter Sunday Night, April 20th, 1919. Dancing began at 9p. m and the admission charge was 3s. for Gents and 2s. for Ladies.

Mr. & Miss Whelan and friends were requested to attend Killimor Temperance Dance in Killimor Temperance Hall on Sunday Night 27th April (no year given). This dance cost Gents 4/-, Ladies 3/- and a couple or Double 6/6. Dancing commenced at 8.30 o’clock, sharp. The Honorary Secretaries of the Committee were Thos. O’Meara, M. A. Brody and Michael Dolan.

Tom Ryan and Joe O’Hara, Hon. Secs. of Killimor Social Dance Committee, requested Mr. & Miss Whelan, Derradda, and friends, to attend their dance in the Hall, Killimor, on Easter Sunday Night, April 24th, 1920. Dancing at 8.30 p. m. with Select Music, Gents’ tickets cost 4s. 6d. and Ladies’ tickets were 3s. 6d.

On Sunday, 19th October, 1924, a dance was to be held in aid of the Parochial Hall. The invitation was sent to Mr. & Miss Whelan by the Hon. Secs. J. O’Meara and M. Dolan. Admission was 3/- for Gents and 2/- for Ladies and dancing began at 8 o’clock.

It is uncertain when a branch of the Ancient Order of Hibernians was established in Killimor or how extensive the membership was. Originally the aims of the Organisation were to counteract the hardships and persecutions endured by Catholics and to defend Gaelic values. As time went on, it appears that the aims of the Organisation had somewhat changed and it was regarded, in later times, as a co-operative society, with the emphasis on economics.

John Robinson, M. A. Brody and John Flannery were the Honorary Secretaries of the Killimor Branch circa 1918. They issued invitations to members of the Whelan family (and friends) to support their dance in the Hibernian Hall, on Sunday Night, April 14th, 1918 and again on September 8th (year not given). Dancing was to begin at 9 p. m. on both occasions and admission was 3s. for Gents and 2s. for Ladies. Both cards were printed by N. E. O’Carroll “Democrat” Printing Works, Ballinasloe.

Cumann na mBan was a republican organisation founded in Wynn’s Hotel, Dublin, in April 1914. Its main aim was to further the cause of Irish liberty and to organise Irish women in the furtherance of this object and its original programme stated unambiguously that it was the ‘ women’s section of the Irish Volunteers’. (Cumann na mBan: A Galway Perspective by Dr. Bernard Kelly in Cumann na mBan: County Galway Dimension, published in 2015 by Galway County Council). Os membros & # 8217; involvement in the 1916 Easter Rising included caring for the wounded, providing and cooking food, carrying messages and smuggling ammunition.

Records of the existance of a branch in Killimor could not be found but it is evident from these images that both Killimor, and its sister parish Tyranascragh, did their bit to help out financially.

In January 1919, the Tyranascragh Committee invited Miss E. Whelan and friends to their dance (in aid of Social Club) in the Sinn Féin Hall on Sunday Night, January 19th, 1919. A Gent’s ticket cost 3s. 6d. while a Lady’s was 2s. 6d. The Honorary Secretaries were M. K. Madden, M. A. Melody and M. Fahey.

In Killimor the President was K. Kearns, the Treasurer was S. Freyne and the Secretary was E. Canning. Their dance was to be held in the Sinn Féin Hall on Sunday Night November 30th, 1919. Admisssion was 3s. for a Gent’s ticket, 4s. for a Lady’s and a Double cost 7s. (this was strange as Gentlemen usually paid more than Ladies). Dancing was at 8. 30 with “Select Music”. The original recipient’s name seems to have been erased and the names Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Gready written in instead.

The name Sinn Féin means “Us” or “We Ourselves”. The organisation was founded in the Rotunda, Dublin on 28th November 1905 by Arthur Griffith, and was “an umbrella organisation for all types of Irish Nationalism”. (askaboutireland. ie-notes/arthur-griffith).

A branch of the organisation was established in Killimor.

In January 1919 the Hon. Secs. T. Ryan, J. O’Hara and J. Conniffe, sent an invitation card to Mr. & Mrs. Whelan to attend a dance (in Aid of Local Club) on Sunday Night, January 5th, Dancing was to start at 8 p. m. in the Sinn Féin Hall. A Gent’s Ticket cost 3s. 6d. and a Lady’s cost 2s.

Mr. & Miss Whelan received a further invitation to a dance in the Sinn Féin Hall, Killimor, on Saturday Night, November 1st 1919. This time dancing was scheduled for 9 p. m. and the tickets were more expensive; a Gent’s ticket was now 5s. and a Lady’s was 4s.

The Committee of the Local Club organised dances to raise funds. Miss Nelly Whelan was invited to attend a Dance “in their hall on St. Patrick’s Night, 17th March, 1918”. Dancing was at 8 p. m. and a Gent’s ticket was 3/- while a Lady’s cost 2/-. The Hon. Secs. of the Committee were T. Ryan and J. O’Hara.

These invitation cards, to Killimore I. R.A. (Irish Republican Army) dances were sent out by the Committee, requesting the pleasure of the company of Mr. & Miss Whelan and friends in Killimore Hall.

One dance was scheduled for Thursday Night, 8th December but the year was not given. Dancing started at 8 p. m. and admission was 3/6 for Gents and 3/- for Ladies.

The second dance was to be held on Sunday Night, 25th September, 1921. This time the dancing began at 9 p. m. and the tickets were slightly more expensive; 4s. for Ladies, 5s. for Gents and a Double cost 8s. Both cards were printed by “Democrat”Printing Works, Ballinasloe.

Among the Hanney Collection were three invitation cards to dances in Lawrencetown. All three were printed by “Democrat” Printing Works, Ballinasloe.

One was issued for Saturday Night, December 8th, but the year was not given. A Single ticket cost 3s. 6d. and a Double was 6s.

The second card requested the pleasure of the company of Mr. J. Whelan and friends at the Lawrencetown Ladies’ Social Dance on Sunday, 2nd October, 1921. Admission cost Gents 4s. 6d., Ladies 3s. and Double was 7s.

Mr. Whelan and friends were invited once again by the Dance Committee to their dance “to be held in Aid of Temperance Hall, on Saturday Night, 5th November, 1921”. Dancing commenced at 9 o’clock and tickets for Ladies and Gents cost 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. respectivamente.

Included in the Collection were invitation cards from different areas.

Again Mr. J. Whelan and friends were requested to attend the Kylemore Dance to be held in Kylemore School on Easter Sunday Night, 27th March 1921, (in Aid of the East Galway Nursing Fund). A Single ticket cost 4s. 6d. and a Double was 6s. The Hon. Secs. of the Dance Committee were (Miss) H. Cunniffe and (Miss) K. Ryan.

A dance was advertised for Sunday Night, 30th December, 1923, to be held in Kiltormer School House and the proceeds were “in aid of Parochial House”. Dancing began at 9 o’clock, and tickets cost 6s. for a Double and 3s. 6d. for a Single.

An invitation card was sent to Mr. & Miss Whelan, Derrada, Killimor, requesting their company at a Dance (in aid of East Clare Election Fund) “to be held in Reinskea House, Whitegate, on Sunday, 29th, inst.” (month or year not known). This particular invitation was sent by the Hon. Secs. of the Whitegate Sinn Féin Committee – J. McDermott, R. Lucas and M. O’Brien. A Double ticket cost 6/- and a Single was 3/6.

The invitations to Mr. J. Whelan and friends continued to flow in from diverse sources. The Hon. Secs. of Boula Dance Committee – F. T. Royston, M. Horan and J. Morrissey requested their company at a dance in Boula School, on Sunday Night, 30th November, (year not given) “in aid of repairs of Boula Chapel”. Dancing commenced at 9 o’clock, sharp, and tickets cost 4/-, 3/- and a Double was 6/6. Note the hand-written message on the card – “Tell the Guards and Foleys, be sure & come and bring a few with you”.

Quansboro White Cross Dance was to be held in Raheen School on Sunday Night, 9th October, 1921, with dancing commencing at 8 o’clock. Tickets cost 4s. for a Lady, 5s. for a Gent and a Double was 8s. The music was supplied by Pipers Band.

The Hon. Secs. of Portumna Hurling Club, namely Tom Carthy, P. A. Meehan, John F. Quinn and J. Duddy and the Committee organised a Dance to be held in the Old Town Hall, on Sunday Night, February 22nd, 1925. Dancing was at 10 o’clock, sharp, and “Music by Special Orchestra”. Admission on this occasion was Gentlemen 7/6; Ladies 5/- and Double 11/-.

Special Musicians were engaged for the Raheen Dance to be held on Sunday Night, 8th February, 1925. Dancing was to begin at 7. 30. A Gent’s ticket was 4s. and a Lady’s ticket cost 3s. The cards, except that from Portumna Hurling Club, named the printers as “Democrat” Printing Works, Ballinasloe.

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Jack’s Memories.

Jack Lowry of Carhoon, Tynagh, said that Jimmy Abbot, a Scotsman, who owned over two hundred acres and the big house on the land, built Lisduff Mill in 1855.

The Land Commission took over the land and mill and divided it up in 1918. At that time the value of the mill was £4,000. Pat Winters, who originally worked in Lisduff Mill, got the mill in 1918 and he subsequently sold it to Tom Glynn in 1921.

It was always listed as a corn mill and so people from within a ten-mile radius, stretching from Power’s Cross to Moorefield to Limehill and to Portumna, brought corn to the mill to be ground. Oats was rolled and cracked for animal feed and ground into oaten meal for human consumption. Wheat was also ground into flour for human consumption. Barley was rolled or crushed for animal feed. The charges made were 2d. (two old pennies) per stone.

To make oaten meal, corn had to be dried in the kiln, and then put through the mill to take off the hulls (shells). A fan overhead blew off the shells and it was then ready for collection. Fourteen stone was called one barrel. The miller himself assessed the quality of oats received and gave the best quantity of meal for the best oats.

Important features of the mill included the wheel, the engine, the kiln, the quern stone, the river, the sluice, the sluice gates and the pond. A plaque on the wall at the front of the mill is dated 1855.

As there wasn’t sufficient water coming through to generate power, an engine, to help in the process, was installed by Tom Glynn, in a galvanised house at the back of the mill. The kiln was used to dry corn from 11 am to 9 pm. Turf was the fuel used to generate the heat in the kiln. The pond was man-made, the workers being paid 2d. per day to store a supply of water.

The employees in this family-run business included Jack Lowry himself, Joe Mannion, Connie Lyons and many others. Jack earned nine shillings per week and could purchase a bottle of stout for 6d. and ten cigarettes for 6d. In 1937 he bought a suit of clothes for £3.10s.0d. and a pair of boots for eighteen shillings.

Johnny Lyons, Ramore remembers that Lisduff Mill continued to operate until the 1970s. He recounts that great use was made of that mill, particularly from September to Christmas, when it was worked twenty four hours a day. Horses and carts, and asses and carts lined the road leading to the mill. Local people never had to wait as their corn was ground during the night.

Sadly the mill building has fallen into disuse since it ceased operating.

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1916 – 2016

1916 Commemoration Ceremony: Killimor, March 27th, 2016.

Killimor Scouts, with Ross Callanan carrying the Irish Flag, led the parade through the town, from St. Joseph’s Church to the Heritage Centre.

Outside the Heritage Centre, children, conducted by Nóirín Shiel, played some slow airs on tin whistles.

Martin Mooney, chairperson of the Killimor & District Development Society, introduced the ceremony.

Reveille and The Last Post were played by Ray McDonagh, who is a retired Army Sergeant.

The 1916 Proclamation of Independence was read by the Local County Councillor, Jimmy McClearn.

The Proclamation of Independence 1916.

Pe. Kitching, P. P., Killimor was then invited to lay a wreath to commemorate all who died during the 1916 Easter period. The wreath laying was followed by a minutes silence.

Ronan Porter played a drum-roll while the flag was being raised by Scout Leader, Sinéad Dervan/Sammon.

The singing of the National Anthem, Amhrán na bhFiann, was led by Sinéad Treacy/Keane. The ceremony concluded with Paul Costello, Cloncona, playing and singing his own composition Commemorating Centenary.

O’er the gentle swell of the Liffey.

Clasped in green white and gold.

A nation’s future was destined to unfold.

Hopes and dreams echoed by hearts thud.

Where Pearse proclaimed as he stood.

Hold your head high.

As our nation thrives.

On the land of the emerald free.

As our heart beats cry with glee.

For the country that we love!

Since a century has passed.

Our country is in peace at last.

Birth to an independent free state.

Nurturing love, peace, faith and race,

Because of those who proclaimed that day.

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Trinity Church Killimor.

The Church of Ireland, Killimor.

In 1834 Lewis gave the number of Protestants in Killimor Bologue as seventy eight, and at that stage, Killimor Parish (for Protestant purposes) was a Vicarage in the Diocese of Clonfert, forming part of the Union of Dononaughta.

The book Inspiring Stones denotes that within the union, there was a Chapel of Ease at Eyrecourt Castle, and Divine Service was also held in a schoolhouse in the parish of Killimorbologue. The Ordnance Survey Map 1838, places a School House and a Petty Sessions Court House quite close to where Trinity Church was later sited. Perhaps the divine service was held in this School House. In order to serve the number of Protestants in the Parish at that time, Trinity Church was constructed. It is situated on the N65 road between Portumna and Loughrea at the end of the village of Killimor, and in its day was one of the smallest and most picturesque in the Diocese, being a Chapel-of-Ease to Eyrecourt church.

The Building of Trinity Church.

Inspiring Stones states that the Church grounds ‘were kindly given by the Horseman family with the McVale family being instrumental in its construction’; the fine stone was reputedly transported from a quarry in Ballinasloe by horse and cart, by various families including McVales, Horsemans, Johnsons and Howards. However, The Western Star of Saturday January 24th 1863, in its article headed ‘Opening of Killimor Church’, states:

‘Built in a conspicuous place in the village, on a site granted by the Right Hon. Lord Dunsandle, (who in addition, generously contributed £15 towards its erection), it stands a pleasing monument of what can be done by the prayerful and harmonious action of a pastor and his people. In this same article the Church is described as being of Gothic design, built of the dark stone of the locality, ‘with quoins and dressings of the white limestone of Ballinasloe’.

The benches were simple and the roof open-stained and varnished. The chancel window was filled with stained glass which showed an open Bible and appropriate text, “The Lord is my Light”. The building of the Church was a labour of love with time, services and money all freely given. Messrs. Sanderson, Hardy and Watson are mentioned as working ‘nobly and successfully’ and worthy of note. Trinity Church, it appears, was opened on Wednesday 21st January, 1863, by the Bishop (un-named), who recited the Litany and afterwards preached an appropriate and touching sermon. His Lordship was listened to throughout with ‘intense interest and gratification’. The Service commenced with the singing of the 100th Psalm; Morning Service was read by Rev. T. H. Cross and the Lesson for the day was read by the Venerable The Archdeacon of Clonfert. After the opening ceremony a collection was made in aid of the building fund; the contribution, including that from people unable to attend, amounted to almost £17. The Bishop and clergy were then entertained by J. P. Watson, Esq., at Stowlin House.

Representative Church Body Correspondence.

A letter from Dr. Raymond Refaussé, Librarian and Archivist in the Representative Church Body (RCB), Churchtown, Dublin, indicates that no records from Killimor have been transferred to the Library. Since Killimor was united with Dononaughta (Eyrecourt) it may not have had separate registers, and details of baptisms, marriages and burials may have been entered in the Eyrecourt registers. The Eyrecourt registers (baptisms 1738-1876, marriages 1738-1861 and burials 1738-1869) were destroyed in the fire in the Public Record Office of Ireland in 1922, and no copies of them are known to exist. Similarly no separate list of clergy for Killimor is available. Dr. Refaussé writes ‘we have no separate list of clergy for Killimor and I assume that the Church was served by the Clergy of Eyrecourt’. A search by the Revd. Alan Nevin through existing records in The Rectory, Banagher, also yielded negative results.

Clergymen Who Officiated at Services in Trinity Church.

Norman Sinclair, Aughrim, provided the names of some clergymen who officiated at services in Trinity Church. They include Rev. Graham, Rev. Aldridge, Rev. Ford and Rev. McLarney. Norman also supplied names of families, and names of members of the RIC who worshipped at Trinity Church.

Some Members of the Congregation.

Among the names are: Sub-Constable Henry Bowen Moriarty, (RIC, circa 1879) together with Jane and Margaret Emily Moriarty; Head-Constable Francis Gannon (RIC, about 1880) his wife Ellen and daughter Frances; Police Sergeant Daniel Clements (RIC, circa 1885) his wife Margaret and daughter Margaret Anne; Daniel Thompson Noble Clements was also a police sergeant in the RIC around 1888; The Doonan family, Johnston Doonan, (RIC, circa 1890) Annie and Alice Mary Maud Doonan; Isaac William Heatley and Lizzie Heatley (RIC, circa 1890); Thomas Shaw (RIC, circa 1900), Jane Florence Shaw and Deborah Shaw. Other families who attended service in Trinity Church were: Richard Johnston, Harriet Johnston and Arthur Johnston, who were farmers in the area about 1888 and 1889; Alfred Borraine Persse, Gladys Persse and Geraldine Florence Persse, Ormond View, Ballycrissane, 1899; Henry Edwin Thomas Sparling, Norah Maud Sparling and Matilda Sparling who were merchants in Killimor circa 1891; William Arthur Carr, who was a coachman in Hearnesbrook around 1898, together with George Keith and Mary Carr.

Local Memories of the Church.

Despite the lack of official records, memories survive of services being held in Trinity Church at 8.30 am and 3pm on Sundays. As numbers dwindled, service was celebrated just once a month. During service, which lasted approximately one hour, prayers were recited, hymns sung, a sermon delivered and communion distributed. Communion consisted of ordinary bread, blessed and broken and placed on a silver plate. A silver cup contained the wine. The plate and the cup as well as lighted candles were put on the communion table which was covered with a white cloth and situated in front of the altar. During the last hymn a special plate was passed around for the collection – this money was used for the upkeep of the church. This small and compact Church contained pews, hymn-books, an organ and a lectern on which stood an ornate eagle. As far as is known no marriages or funeral services took place in Trinity Church. One burial is believed to have taken place in the church grounds, the body later being exhumed and interred elsewhere. Two of the Horsman children from Heathlawn were baptised in the church by Archdeacon Burrowes in 1954 and 1961. With the decline of Church of Ireland families in the area, it was no longer feasible to keep the Church open.

1984 Archaeological Survey.

An archaeological survey of the site was carried out on 11th April 1984, by a lady named Deirdre Guerin. In her introduction she writes:

This site consists of a church, Trinity Church, which is rectangular in shape, aligned E-W, with a chancel at its W end and a modern extension on its N side. There is a pointed doorway in the W wall with a round window above it. There are stained glass windows in both the N and S walls. This was the old protestant church of Killimor and is now used as a sub office for the Bank of Ireland.

In her recommendations she intimates that the church required no further archaeological work and that it may have been built for, and used by the local gentry, especially those who occupied the nearby Hearnesbrook House.

Later Uses for the Church.

After religious services were discontinued in the Church, the building was used for some years as a sub-office by Bank of Ireland, Portumna. The bank closed this particular facility circa 1988. The Church building was also used as a venue for participants in Fleadh Cheoil , Co. na Gaillimhe, in the years 1987, 1988 and 1993.The Representative Church Body eventually sold the premises to Brendan Lynch on 23rd November 1992.

Compartilhar isso:

Killimor Town in the Past.

Killimor at the end of the 19th century.

In 1894 the commercial life of the town was recorded by Slater (Slater’s Directory) who named the people and their various trades.

Broderick Mrs, dress maker.

Campbell Winnie, dressmaker.

Costello Thomas, licensed grocer.

Delahunt Catherine, grocer.

Flannery Michael, boot and shoe maker.

Griffin Owen, licensed grocer.

Horan Denis, tailor hardware merchant and postmaster.

Keogh Jn., blacksmith & licensed grocer.

Kilkenny Maria, delf dealer.

Kirwan Eliza, licensed grocer.

Larkin Patrick, general merchant.

McCormack Patrick, carpenter.

Mathews John, licensed grocer.

Molony Mary, general merchant.

Muldoon John, boot & shoe maker & Licensed Grocer.

O’Hara Edward, licensed grocer.

In 1901 the business people included Patrick Bohan , a shopkeeper, aged thirty seven, Margaret Donohoe , a thirty three year old married shopkeeper and Mary Flood , a seventy four year old widow. There were three unmarried shopkeepers, Anne Larkin , a twenty five year old draper, Annie Lyons aged twenty eight years, and Lizzie Molony aged twenty four.

Sample of the 1901 Census.

Other Occupations in 1901.

A variety of occupations is mentioned such as: boot-maker, butcher, carpenter, clergyman, dressmaker, farmer, labourer, police constable, postman, servant, shop-assistant, smith, stonemason, tailor and teacher. One sixty nine year old person’s status was given as “ washwoman ”. Mary Finn’s occupation was recorded as “ lodging/housekeeper ”, and lodgers in her house named in the 1901 census were: Michael Martin , a 75 year old widower, Betty Martin , a widow aged 85 years, and Pat Connolly a 60 years old widower whose occupation was given as labourer . Mary Nevin also had a lodging house. Census records in 1901 show that a tailor named Peter Connaire aged thirty years, lodged with Mary Nevin as well as a cattle-driver named Martin Purcell aged sixty three years and a forty year old unmarried shoemaker named James Harte .

As well as the odd tailor, the town had an abundance of dressmakers at this time. According to the 1901 census records, Patrick Horan aged 36 years, was a tailor , and his sister, Mary, was a dressmaker. Ellen Broderick , wife of army pensioner Pat aged 60, also practised the art of dressmaking. Other dressmakers living with various families were: Mary Elizabeth Broderick aged 17 years, Nora Flood aged 30, Kate Hobbs aged 23 and Nora Hobbs aged 19. Three seamstresses resided with Annie Larkin , they were Annie Broderick aged 16, Annie Gallagher aged 23, from Roscommon, and eighteen year old Annie Greogan ( sic ) who came from King’s County. The number of people engaged in the clothing trade suggests that a large amount of business revolved around mending and patching old clothes, alterations, remaking of clothes to provide a new look, as well as the manufacture of new clothes. The trade of shoe-maker/boot-maker was also a very necessary facility. The name Flannery springs to mind. Other names listed in 1901, were John Muldoon aged 33 years, John Sheil aged 25 and his brother, Jerome aged 15, and James Harte aged 40 years who was born in Sligo. About ten families in the town employed servants . These servants ranged in age from twelve years to seventy two years.

The occasional musical interlude was provided in that era by an itinerant musician called Michael Curley aged 48, who was in Killimor on the night that the 1901 census was taken.

The 1911 census shows only Margaret Donohoe as still being resident in Killimor, and occupying a private dwelling. James Dunne , born in Co. Tipperary, aged seventy one in 1901, and described as a police pensioner, does not appear on the 1911 census. Eliza Madden was a sixty five year old widow in 1901, and is not recorded in the 1911 census. William Walsh , an unmarried thirty seven year old draper’s assistant, was listed in the 1901 census but not in the 1911 records.

Some names in Killimor town as recorded in the 1911 Census. They include such family names as Campbell, Canniff, Carroll, Clarke, Cleary, Connaughton, Conroy, Counaire, Cunniffe, Curley, Delahunt, Donohoe, Duddy and Duffy .

Many of the family names recorded in the town in 1901 and 1911 are no longer in the area. Some, thankfully, are still to the good. They include Byrnes/Byrne, Cunniffe, Duffy, Kirwan, Matthews and O’Meara.

Local people, who had a sound knowledge of the place, helped to build up this picture of the houses and buildings as they were in the early decades of the 20th century. Some of these people are still hale and hearty, while others are imithe ar shlí na fírinne.

Houses and Buildings in Killimor North.

Colgan’s : The house was built circa 1932. The next people to occupy the house were Paddy and Pearl McEvoy who opened a shop beside the dwelling house. Both shop and residence were later purchased by Brendan Concannon.

School : The “Old” Old School was officially opened on 7th January 1861. The Boys’ and Girls’ Schools were separate departments in the same building, until amalgamation took place circa 1970. The new school opened in December 1964.

Flannery’s : Michael Flannery and family are listed in both the 1901 and 1911 census. Michael’s occupation was given as bootmaker and he owned a private dwelling. It appears to have been a long house with two front entrances. Vincent Hanley now lives in the first house. The Brien family occupy the second house and run the post office there.

Robinson’s : Johnny Robinson was the headmaster in the local Boys’ School. After his time, the house was rented for many years by various sergeants serving in the Garda Siochána.

An aerial view of the “old” old school prior to demolition in 1963. Colgan’s house (now Concannon’s residence with Supermarket attached) is to the right. On the left are Flannery’s houses (now Hanley’s and Brien’s). Robinson’s house is on the extreme left and is unoccupied at present.

Ryan’s : The building housed the Post Office for many years. It was owned afterwards by Thomas Melody (teacher), then by Eamonn Hannon (accountant during the operation of Tynagh Mines). It is now the property of Brendan Concannon.

Matthews’s : There were two houses here. The old thatched house was burned down in May 1944, the other house was owned and occupied by the Matthews family and contained a public house for many years. Aggie Matthews and her husband Padraig Burns now occupy the house.

Michael Wynne , who was a sergeant in the R. I.C, and his family occupied this house in the early 20th century. After they moved on, the house was rented to Garda Murphy and family. It was bought by Paddy Monahan (Derrew and USA), then bought by Beesie Heade who ran the Post Office there for many years, assuming the position of post mistress after the retirement of Joe and Nora Ryan. The house was later owned by Thomas O’Hara who was a nephew of Beesie Heade. He subsequently sold it to Eddie Lynch and it is now the property of Jimmy Coen, Derrew.

Kelly’s: The house was built by Timmy Kelly, and later bought by Michael Tyrrell (Chemist), then by Jimmy Coen (Derrew). Part of the house is now used as a diner and fast food outlet.

Old Houses : There were two old houses where the Community Centre is now situated. One was occupied by Meegans. Owen Meegan, who originally came from Fintona, Co. Tyrone, moved to Killimor in 1929. He was an experienced miller and took up work in Ballycahill Mill. Local sources recall his love for Woodbine cigarettes and his interest in football where, when playing, he hoped to “snatch a point”! The family remained in Killimor until 1939 when they moved to Ballyduff, Thomastown, Co. Kilkenny. Owen died on the 28th December 1946.

Liza Bernard lived in the other thatched house. She is registered in both the 1901 and 1911 census as owning a private dwelling. The story goes that she loved reading books about romance and murder! The Community Centre served as a cinema before being revamped and reconstructed.

The Barracks : According to both the 1901 and the 1911 census this was originally a dwelling house with nine rooms and owned by the Rudden family. Matthew Rudden was an RIC pensioner and his daughter, Clarry Rudden, married John Taylor, an auctioneer, in Portumna. The building was then used as a barracks by the Garda Siochána until the construction of the new barracks. It was then bought by members of the Cunniffe family.

Cooney’s : This house was originally Delahunt’s. The name William Delahunt appears in Griffith’s Valuation, 1848-1864. Catherine Delahunt is named in the 1901 census as being a shopkeeper/widow. James Cooney from Portumna married Lucy Delahunt who, according to the 1911 census, owned a public house in Killimor. After the demise of James Cooney and his wife, the premises was occupied by a Mr. McCluskey who was a chemist. Later on Michael Tyrell also had a chemist’s business there. When Michael Tyrell moved, Tommy Cunniffe from Hearnesbrook bought the premises and opened a public house. The next owner of the public house was Jimmy Hardiman from Mullagh. It is now owned by Brendan and Marie O’Dowd.

Foley’s: Tom and Ann Hardiman now occupy this house which was originally owned by a family of Foleys.

Griffin’s Public House : This business was owned by Mrs. Julia Griffin and after her demise became the property of her nephew John Cunniffe.

Miss Meara’s : This lady had a shop between Cunniffes and Kirwans. She was named as Bridget Meara, aged 56 in the 1901 census. However the 1911 census shows that she owned a private two-roomed dwelling with five out-offices.

Miss Kirwan’s : Eliza Kirwan, in her mid 50s, was a widow and shop keeper according to the 1901 census. She owned a shop and a ten-roomed private dwelling. By the time the 1911 census was recorded the name had changed to John Kirwan. It later traded under the name Kirwan Bros. The premises is now “Kirwan’s Central Bar”, so the name Kirwan is retained.

Keane’s : Paddy Keane was a butcher and lived across the road in a house facing Kirwan’s.

Another house : Another small house was situated beside Paddy Keane’s. It was occupied by Jamesie Haverty, who, according to local sources, was a weaver. James was thirty six years of age according to the 1901 census and lived with his mother Mary, aged eighty two years.

Soughley’s : The Soughley family home was on the next site. The family were “old residenters”. Michael Sughley ( sic ) was listed on the south side of Killimor in Griffith’s Valuation. Francis Soughley was forty years old at the time of the 1901 census, and is again listed in the 1911 census. Sadly, no one of that name now lives in Killimor.

Killimor Culture & Heritage Centre now stands on the grounds of the old Soughley homestead.

Hobbs’s : According to the 1901 census the house next to Soughleys was occupied by Bridget Hobbs, her sister Mary Anne Sullivan and her brother Benjamin Sullivan. Local sources say that a man named Mike Larkin had a shop there (and sold a large amount of chamber pots!). Michael Larkin, aged forty years and described as a grocer, is listed in the 1901 census. He had a house of his own and possibly rented the shop space from Mrs. Hobbs.

Later on, Tom Treacy rented half this house from the owners, took over the shop and also started a carpentry business there. After the Treacys moved on to a new premises, Kal Moran had a drapery and grocery business there. Also living there was Kal’s sister Rita, who was married to Joe Hanney. Eugene Concannon now owns and lives on the premises.

Two Houses : One house faced east. It is not clear who occupied this house before Mr. and Mrs. Mattimoe – policeman and teacher respectively. Being widowed, Mrs. Mattimoe later married Austin O’Toole, and went to live in Hearnesbrook. The house was later lived in by Timmy Madden, from Garryad and his wife Kathleen Hynes, who was a dressmaker. Colm Nevin, from Tiernascragh, carried out his saddlery business in that house for some years.

The second house faced south and was lived in by the local blacksmith, John Carr and family, and it was later occupied by Mick Griffin. Both of the above houses were demolished many years ago.

Treacy’s : Tom Treacy was a shop-keeper and undertaker. The Treacy family moved to this new location in 1932, built on a site bought from Mrs. Hobbs. The premises was built by Tom Treacy and Tommy Lyons, Ramore (uncle of Johnny) and was roofed by Tom Heade, Slateford. The now disused store beside the premises was owned by Carrolls at one stage. The 1901 census lists Michael Carroll, an unmarried farmer aged sixty, and his sister Bridget, aged fifty, as living in Killimor town. Only Bridget is recorded in the 1911 census which indicated that she owned a private dwelling.

Nolan’s : Daniel Nolan occupied this house circa 1901. The census denotes that he lived in a private dwelling, with his sister Bridget, and a fifteen year old servant named Eliza Kennedy, from Tipperary. Daniel Nolan is again listed in the 1911 census as owning a seven roomed private dwelling with twelve out-offices. William Brien (senior) and his wife Katie Hardiman, from Killeen, subsequently raised their family there. The house still belongs to the Brien family.

Duffy’s Excel Warehouse : At the turn of the century this premises was owned by Pat Gibbs who came from Kilconnell. He is not mentioned in the 1901 census but the 1911 records indicate that Patrick Gibbs owned a public house in Killimor town. It was bought by Michael Duffy (Eugene’s grandfather) and in time was extended as far as the archway. The premises contained a grocery, public house and drapery business. In the late 1990s, Geraldine Neville/Duffy (R. I.P) opened a very successful pharmacy business on the premises. The establishment is now run by Eugene Duffy.

Duffy’s Private House : The house was built on a site given to Michael Duffy (Eugene’s grandfather) by his cousin Miss Duffy. Michael, and his wife Marian Connors, raised their family there. Their daughter Florrie, who ran the drapery business, lived in that house until her death. It is now owned and occupied by Eugene and his family.

Next House: Michael Duffy, according to his son Alfie, bought this particular house from a man named Lawlor. He rented it for many years to the Tooher family whose father was a member of the Garda Síochána. It was destroyed by fire in February 1967. Having been rebuilt, it was occupied by Alfie and Kitty Duffy (née Blehein), now both deceased.

Next House : Again this site was bought and the house was built by Michael Duffy. Thomas Felle and family rented the house and lived there circa 1911. Thomas Felle appears on the 1911 census as living in a private three roomed dwelling. Afterwards the house was rented out to the Garda Síochána before being occupied by Dermot and Mary Duffy and family, (Eugene’s parents).

The Curate’s House : Catholic curates in the parish occupied this house for many years. They then lived in Tiernascragh in purpose-built new accommodation. The house was eventually demolished and community houses are now built on the site.

Holohan’s : A family of Holohans resided in the house, which was situated on the far side of the pedestrian avenue leading to the church, in the space beside Porter’s house. A Mary Holohan is named, in both the 1901 and 1911 census, as living in this three-roomed private dwelling. The house was demolished many years ago.

Porter’s : Tom Porter, originally from Tynagh, and his wife Nellie Whelan from Derradda, built this house. Jack Whelan and his brother Brendan (brothers of Nellie) had a garage, a bicycle shop and two petrol pumps beside Porter’s house.

Whelan’s : Jack Whelan, at one stage County Secretary of the Gaelic Athletic Association, and his wife, Annie Porter from Oldthort, Portumna, built the house and reared their family there. It is still occupied by members of the Whelan family.

Houses and Buildings in Killimor South.

Notley’s : The house was built in the early 1950s by Robert and Bridget Notley on a site bought from Horsemans.

Hanney’s Garage : The garage business was run for many years by Jimmy, Mattie and Brendie Hanney. The premises is now used by Nigel Hanney for his window/door business.

Holy Trinity Church : In order to serve the number of Protestants in the Parish at that time, Trinity Church was constructed. It is situated on the N65 road between Portumna and Loughrea at the end of the village of Killimor, and in its day was one of the smallest and most picturesque in the Diocese, being a Chapel-of-Ease to Eyrecourt church. An archaeological survey of the site was carried out on 11th April 1984, by a lady named Deirdre Guerin. In her introduction she writes:

This site consists of a church, Trinity Church, which is rectangular in shape, aligned E-W, with a chancel at its W end and a modern extension on its N side. There is a pointed doorway in the W wall with a round window above it. There are stained glass windows in both the N and S walls. This was the old protestant church of Killimor and is now used as a sub office for the Bank of Ireland.

In her recommendations she intimates that the church required no further archaeological work and that it may have been built for, and used by the local gentry, especially those who occupied the nearby Hearnesbrook House.

Bank of Ireland closed their sub-office in the building circa 1988. The Church building was also used as a venue for participants in Fleadh Cheoil, Co. na Gaillimhe, in the years 1987, 1988 and 1993.

The Representative Church Body eventually sold the premises to Brendan Lynch on 23rd November 1992.

Connaire’s : Martin Connaire came from the Derrybrien area and was a blacksmith. His daughter, Aggie, married Martin Scott from Clontuskert, who was a carpenter. The house was bought and reconstructed by Brendan Lynch.

Duffy’s Corner House : The premises was formerly Costello’s who ran a shop there. It was owned afterwards by Miss Catherine Duffy. The building was inherited by Michael Duffy and housed a grocery and bar. It is now a private dwelling and occupied by Aidan and Eileen Duffy. Tradition says that the name over Miss Duffy’s shop was the same height as the top of the spire on the Protestant Church in Portumna!

Duddy’s : The Duddy family had a shop in this premises which was previously occupied by Sparlings. John Duddy, aged thirty seven years, is described as a shop keeper in the 1901 census, and as occupying a shop with eight rooms in the 1911 census. The family later moved to Portumna and M. A. Brody acquired the building. It is now the property of Eugene Duffy.

The Parish Hall : This community building was situated beside Brody’s (now Duffy’s). Dances, plays and concerts were held there. Auctions also took place there. According to The hall held the sub-office of the Hibernian Bank, Portumna, for some years, and court cases were also heard there. It was eventually bought by the Brody family.

We know the hall was there in 1917 because permission was sought by the A. O.H. from Sinn Féin for its use.

Other Houses : There were at least two small houses beside the parish hall. Local sources say that a lady, called Kate Broderick, occupied one of the houses. However, her name does not appear on either the 1901 or 1911 census. Griffith’s Valuation shows that a Martin Broderick lived in Main St. (South Side) circa 1855, but it is not known if he was connected to Kate. A family of Conroys is believed to have occupied the second house. The 1901 census lists a sixty year old widow, named Bridget McDermott, as the head of the household. Other occupants of the house were her widowed sister, Mary Conroy, her nephews, John, Thomas and Christy Conroy and her niece Anne Conroy.

Mason’s : Dr. Anne Mason, the local G. P., her husband Bertie and their family lived in this premises and it once housed a pharmacy. It was previously occupied by the local midwife, Nurse McDonnell and her family. Dr. Mason’s brother was Fr. Michael Griffin, originally from Gurteen, Ballinasloe, who was found murdered in a bog in Barna in 1920 during the Black and Tan period. The house was eventually sold and the last owner was the late Jack Concannon.

Gibbs’s : Pat Gibbs who lived in this house, originally owned Duffy’s of Excel Warehouse. His wife was Madden from New Line, Tiernascragh. The house was later bought and occupied by Tommy and Mollie Leahy (née Donoghue) and is now owned by Pakie O’Hara.

Old RIC Barracks : The building housed the Royal Irish Constabulary, and according to local information was later bought or rented by two Miss Kearys from Portumna, who ran a shop there. It was then bought by Paddy Geoghegan (from Hearnesbrook and known as “Watty”), who had a butcher’s shop there. He rented part of the premises to Beesie Heade, who had the Post Office there, before moving up to Wynne’s house. The house is now owned and occupied by Pakie O’Hara.

Connaughton’s : According to the 1911 census, John Connaughton had a public house in Killimor, and the family of seven occupied six rooms in the building. The Byrne family subsequently bought the business from Connaughtons, and ran a grocery and butcher’s business there for many years. Byrne’s private house and the Credit Union office are now there.

Pender’s : William Pender, who served in the RIC, lived there. His name appears on the 1911 census, and his signature as an enumerator is on Form B. 1 for Killimor town His daughter, Ivy, married Vincent Walsh. They had one son, Vincent, who emigrated. The house is now owned and occupied by Pat and Ita Cormican.

Forge Yard : This area was owned by members of the Hanney family (garage) and the building at the front was used as a showroom for radios and other goods. In later years it was rented by Joe Farragher (Headstones). The building is now unoccupied.

Next Building : This is the building where Michael Duffy of Excel Warehouse started his business. It is now owned by Eddie Lynch, who runs a garage and car sales business there.

Kelly’s : A man named Thomas Kelly occupied a house in Main Street, Killimore, circa 1855 according to Griffith’s Valuation. Any connection to Timothy Kelly, who lived in Killimor in 1911, could not be established. Timothy Kelly had a bakery and shop in this building. A baker, named Thomas Duffy, is listed in the commercial section of Slater’s Directory, but it is not certain that he lived in these premises. According to local information, Tim Kelly was a cattle dealer and had a car hire business. The house, at one stage, contained the local dispensary. It was later owned by Tom Porter and is now occupied and owned by Mrs. Mary Brien (widow of Thomas) and her family.

Hough’s : John Hough, aged sixty years in 1911, was described in the census as occupying a shop and private dwelling. Information from the 1911 census listed him as owning a public house. His son Michael continued the business. In later years Michael’s sister, Agnes, and a lady named Miss Grace, lived there. The latter was supposed to be a lady-in-waiting to some important person! On fair days, rates were collected on the premises by John Hobbs, who was a rate-collector from Kiltormer. The public house was subsequently bought by Joe and Nancy Murray. The building was recently demolished a new house was constructed on the site.

Boyle’s : John Joe and Annie Boyle had a very successful tailoring and dressmaking business in the house next to Hough’s. The local dispensary was moved to this premises and it also contained the library for many years. The house was later owned by Patsy and Carmel Shiel, who were renowned members of Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann. The building was reconstructed and now houses a restaurant.

Miss Stewart’s : This lady’s house was situated between Boyle’s and O’Meara’s. Miss Stewart supposedly came back from America and lived there for some years. Death records list a Margurita (sic) Stewart, who died 28th June, 1940, and is buried in Killimor cemetery. Apart from that, nothing is known about Miss Stewart only that Alfie Duffy remembered delivering a paper and a half hundred weight of coal to her every Saturday, when he was a young boy. The house was demolished several years ago.

O’Meara’s : Local sources think that this premises was once owned by Pelleys. Griffith’s Valuation indicates that a Michael Pelly lived in Main Street, Killimor, circa 1855. In 1901, John O’Meara, aged forty one, occupied a private dwelling and shop in Killimor town. According to the family, O’Mearas started their business at the rear of Fitzpatrick’s, but transferred “O’Meara’s” to new premises after the Big Wind in 1902, trading under the name P. V. O’Meara. They ran a public house, grocery and the post office. The Court House was at the end of O’Meara’s (Stewart’s end) and had a separate valuation and a separate entrance. This premises is now owned by Seán Treacy and his family.

The Weigh-Bridge : The weigh-bridge was situated on the side-walk between O’Meara’s and Fitzpatrick’s. Cattle, pigs, and loads of hay and corn, were weighed there during fairs and markets.

Frankie and Kathleen Fitzpatrick’s Bungalow : This is one of the newer houses in the town. It was built on a vacant site belonging to Fitzpatricks. It is now occupied by Patsy Murray, (son of May Fitzpatrick and Jimmy Murray) and his wife, Evelyn.

Fitzpatrick’ s: The premises contained a public house. Patrick Fitzpatrick was a stone-mason who carved many headstones in the yard behind the premises. The first sliotar (hurling ball) was made in this public house. The property is now owned and occupied by Michael and Anne Nevin.

Lawlor’ s: A family of Lawlors lived in this house at one stage. The 1911 census readings show that a Michael Lawlor lived in a six-room private dwelling in Killimor town. Afterwards, it was occupied by Michael O’Meara, who came from Eglish in Tipperary, and his family. Mattie and Bridgie Hanney reared their family here. The house is now owned and occupied by Jimmy and Maura Hanney.

Larkin’s/P. C. Curley’s : This was the homestead of the Larkin Family. Paddy Larkin achieved fame because of the “Killimor Rules” of hurling. P. C. Curley, from Kiltormer, married Bridget Larkin. The building was once a hotel of note, with commercial travellers, cattle dealers and others lodging there. It also housed a fine drapery shop, millinery, grocery and bar. It is now demolished. Brendan and Ailish Nevin’s house is on the site.

John Carr’s Forge : The forge was situated in P. C. Curley’s yard. John Carr came originally from Tipperary. In later years, his son, Brendie Carr, modernised the forge and started welding and doing general repairs to tractors and machinery. He ceased work there in the late 1970s. Only the shell of the building now remains.

Glynn’s : Martin Hara, Heathlawn, married into Glynn’s. His wife died and he subsequently married Kate Malone, Derradda. The house changed hands many times down through the years. The housing estates, in Valley Park and in St. Joseph’s Park, are built on the land which belonged to the house.

Connors’s : Catherine Connor, a fifty-five year old widow, is listed in the 1901 census, and the 1911 census indicates that she occupied a six-room private dwelling. Her son, Johnny Connors and his family occupied this house which was situated in the hollow opposite the old school. Local sources say that there was a pub on these premises at one stage. Johnny Connors was a plumber by trade, and his was the first house in Killimor to have running water, Johnny having devised his own water system.

Johnny Connors also owned the smaller house on the same site which he rented out. Colm Nevin continued his saddlery business there, and it was subsequently bought by Jimmy Reilly, whose family lived there until moving to St. Joseph’s Park. Both of these houses were recently demolished.

“ The Burnt House ”: This house was situated where the Health Centre now stands. It was also called “The Light House”. It is said there was a candle always lighting in the window facing the town. It is thought that it was owned by Patrick Clarke (Tom’s father, Moate) but this could not be verified.

The Saw–Mills : The business was situated between “The Burnt House” and what is now Carol Hanney-Gilmore’s house. It was owned and worked by Patrick Clarke, who sawed timber for hire, and supplied egg-cases to Brodys, Duffys, Murphys of Loughrea and Twibills of Ahascragh. Patrick moved to Moate in the 1920s, and worked the saw-mill there at Balnadarry Cross until circa 1940. He also had a horse-drawn hearse and an old horse-powered thresher. He did the threshing for Mackay in Hearnesbrook Demesne, and this took two to three weeks. He later got a Hornsby oil engine which was driven on paraffin. This engine had a six horse-power brake. Mackay had one with a seven horse-power brake – this engine was seen at Eyrecourt Vintage Rally in 2002, modified and in good condition. During “Rationing” Patrick Clarke got a permit for an oil supply of about forty gallons a month, to work the engines for the saw-mills.

House on the Hill : The house originally belonged to Johnny Connors. He rented it out to Miss Flood, who was Principal of the Girls’ School in the early 1900s, and subsequently to a Garda family named Crofton. It was bought by Bernie and Bernadette Hanney and now belongs to Carol Hanney-Gilmore.

Muldoon’s : According to the 1911 census Tom Muldoon occupied a four-room private dwelling in Garrynasillagh. He was a stone-mason of note, and reared his family in this dwelling. The house was later occupied by Jimmy and Annie Whelan, and subsequently by Eamonn Cunningham. It is now called the “Gable End” and owned and occupied by Leslie Kenny.

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Liam Mulvihill’s Visit.

Liam Mulvihill, Director General, GAA, 1979 – 2008.

Liam Mulvihill, who was Director General of the Gaelic Athletic Association from 1979 to 2008, visited Killimor National School in 1992.

He addressed the children reminding them of Killimor Hurling Club’s contribution to the parish and community down through the years. This was a fitting tribute since Killimor is often referred to as “The Cradle of Hurling”, produced the Killimor Rules 1869 and designed and made the hurling ball used in the first All - Ireland Final at Birr in 1888.

Mr. Mulvihill advised the children to stay with the game, upgrade their skills and continue to compete at top level.

L. to R.: Angela Geoghegan, Liam Mulvihill, Tom Joe Larkin, Rev. Fr. Solon, P. P., Jimmy McClearn.

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The Catholic Church in Killimor.

Church records indicate that the building of St. Joseph’s Church was begun in 1835 and completed in 1842. Fr. Francis Coghlan was instrumental in the building of this church which was then blessed by Dr. Coen, Bishop of Clonfert, on December 4th 1842. This church is situated at the east end of Killimor village in the townland of Garryad. The church and Parochial House stand on about half a statute acre. Old men of the parish maintained that the original plot, given free by Lord Dunsandle, was one statute acre and contained two gardens. The church is cruciform in shape and the building of the tower was occasioned by the fact that in 1895 an anonymous donor presented a 20 cwt. bell. This remained on timber framework until 1904 when the tower, erected at a cost of approximately £300, was prepared to receive it. The bell was blessed by a delegation in 1905. Records state that the cost of the building was defrayed by a parish cess and a bazaar. Assistance was also provided by a charitable donor, Mr. Daniel Nolan, who, the records later indicate, presented the bell. The gilt sanctuary lamp was also presented to the church by Daniel Nolan in 1911. The church was renovated between 1950 and 1952. Church Records show that the old timber altar railings were used in the renovation of the gallery, and are still there to this day, forming the protective railing at the front of the gallery. The altar, which was donated by Dr. G. Madden, London (nephew of Fr. J. Madden P. P. Killimor) was consecrated by Most Rev. Dr. Winters in 1955. Windows and seats were donated by Dr. G. Madden and by parishioners.

A grotto with a Pieta , sometimes referred to as T he Calvary , was erected on the church grounds in 1925 by the people of Killimor, in memory of the late Rev. J. P. Callanan P. P. This grotto was demolished in the early 1980s.

The Sanctuary in St. Joseph’s Church.

This image shows the refurbished Sanctuary in St. Joseph’s Church, Killimor. This interior renovation was carried out as one of the Jubilee Projects for the year 2000. The objective was to retain all that was good while ensuring that the Sanctuary area is suitable for the celebration of Mass and the administration of the Sacraments. Existing material was recycled and reshaped to suit the new layout, so that nothing was wasted or thrown out. The best artists and tradesmen were employed to carry out the project. Positive comments have been passed such as “bright, beautiful, open, welcoming”.

The baptismal font in Killimor church dates from 1835. It is carved from limestone which came from Partry, Co. Mayo. Both base and font are octagonal in shape though not symmetrical.

This font was situated for many years at the back of the Church near the main door. During church renovations it was placed in the sanctuary area, where it still stands.

While there are no markings on the Mass Gong (bell) to denote its origins, there is a story built around it. It supposedly came from a monastery in France to a monastery in Galway. When the Galway monastery was closing down the gong was given to the parish priest, Fr. John Callanan, Killimor, circa 1912-13.

Local sources maintain that in the late 1890s, John O’Meara of Killimor presented a granite holy water font to the church which was based in the side porch of what was then called the men’s aisle. It is still there to this day and now bears the inscription: Pray for the Parents of Vincent O’Meara.

Stations of the Cross 1881.

An item in the Western News, dated August 6th 1881, refers to a visit to Killimor by a Mr. James Miller of London. He was addressed ‘on behalf of the people of Killimor’ by John Robinson, Pat Cunniffe, Michael Hobbs and Timothy Kirwan, who thanked him ‘for the magnificent present to our church – the Stations of the Cross – which contribute so much to its ornamentation’.

In the year 1907 James MacDermott Esq. Ramore, received from Rome the right of a private oratory, and the grant was submitted to, and approved of, by the Most Rev. Thomas O’Dea D. D., the then Bishop of Clonfert.

Windows in Killimor Church.

In the years 1910 and 1911 the church was furnished with two stained glass windows and six ornamental windows.

The donors included:- John Robinson, John Kirwan, Michael and Pat Nevin, Mary Finn, James and Mrs. McLernin ( sic ), Bridget Curley (Larkin), James MacDermott and Miss Mgt. Flood. There were other voluntary contributions from at home and abroad.

The church was renovated between 1950 and 1952. Windows and seats were donated by Dr. G. Madden (nephew of Rev. John Madden P. P.) and by parishioners.

Left: Dedication reads: Erected to the memory of James and Bridget Kirwan by their devoted son John.

Right: Dedication reads: Erected to the memory of John and Kate Robinson by their son John.

The inscriptions on the windows read:

Pray for the souls of Patrick & Mary Flood, RIP.

Erected to the memory of Patrick & Celia Larkin by their devoted daughter Brigid Curley.

Erected to the memory of John & Mary McClearn by their devoted sons James & John.

Erected to the memory of James & Brigid Kirwan by their devoted son John.

Erected to the memory of James & Mary McDermot by their devoted sons James & John.

Erected to the memory of Seán Cunniffe who died 22nd August 1949.

Erected to the memory of Michael Nevin and Family Clonoolish.

Erected to the memory of John Joseph Kirwan who died 29th June 1941.

Erected by Mary Finn to the memory of her Father, Mother & Irmão.

Presented by Michael Duffy in memory of his Parents.

Presented by Michael Dillon in memory of his Parents.

Erected to the memory of John and Kate Robinson by their devoted son John (two windows)

Presented by Mary Ellen Kelly in memory of her Parents & her Brothers, Timothy & Michael RIP.

Presented by Laurence Geoghegan in memory of his Parents Patrick & Mary Geoghegan.

In memory of James Fennessy, his son James and his daughter Marie.

Erected to the memory of Patrick and Mary Coughlan, Lisdeligna, by their son John.

Seats are dedicated to the memory of:

The Parents of Patrick Tierney , Heathlawn. Mrs. Brigid Bohan , Derrysiskle.

The Husband & Parents of Mrs. Travers , U. S.A. Rev. Bro. Fintan Egan .

James & Mrs. McEvoy, Lisaniska. The Parents of Vincent O’Meara , Killimor.

Anthony & Mary Dervan , Ramore. The Parents of M. A. & Mrs. Brody , Killimor.

John & Mary Finnerty , Derrada. The Parents of E. Treacy , Ballinahiscragh.

John & Mary Daly , Derrada. The Parents of John Joe Fahy , Ramore.

The Walsh Family, Loughisle. John Cunniffe , Killimor.

The Parents of James Clasby , Moate. Ambrose Treacy, Heathlawn.

Lawrence Treacy , Heathlawn. Albert & Terry Larkin , Ramore.

John & Mary A. Hanney , Kylemore. The Parents of James Dillon , Lisdeligna.

The Parents of James & Mary Hickey . The Parents of Thomas Keary , Kylemore.

Michael & Brigid Flannery, Killimor. Patrick & Mary Byrne, Killimor.

Thomas & amp; Brigid Mitchell , Cloncona. V. Rev. John Madden , P. P. Killimor.

Mary A. Moran , Derrysiskle. The Parents of John O’Hara , Ramore.

The Parents of Martin Hanrahan , Garryard. Robert & Kate Notley .

The Deceased Members of the Briscoe Family, Lisaniska.

Patrick Cunningham , Lismihill. Rt. Rev. James Madden , P. P. V. G. Tynagh.

The Monaghan Families, Derrew & Lisdeligna.

The Deceased Members of the O’Toole Family, Hearnsbrook.

Michael Fitzgerald , Ballinahiscragh. The Parents of Michael Kenny , Treen.

Peter & Ellen Brien , Lisdeligna. Elizabeth, Patrick & Anne Scully , Cloncona.

The Deceased Members of the Burke Family, Hearnsbrook.

John & Mary Clarke , Lisaniska. John Connor & his Parents, Killimor.

The Parents of Thos. & amp; Mary O’Meara , Killeen. Richard Conway, Ramore.

Sheila O’Toole , Hearnsbrook. The Moran Family, Cloncona.

The inscriptions on the remainder of the seats read as follows—

The Costello Family, Cloncona. The Hanney Family, Heathlawn.

The Hanrahan Family, Ramore. Michael Campbell , Lisaniska.

The Treacy Family, Killimor. The Blaney Family, Ramore.

Jack McClearn in memory of the Barry Family. The Larkin Family, Lisdeligna.

The Harris Family, Ballinahiscragh. Vincent Donelan & Family, Corr.

The Grady Family, Neale, in memory of their Parents.

Other inscriptions are:

Lord Jesus Have Mercy on the Soul of Harry Curley .

Pray for the repose of the Souls of Joseph & Thomas Foley and their Parents.

A letter from Ms. Alex Ward, Art and Industrial Division, National Museum of Ireland, states vestments were lent to the Museum in November 1945, by Fr. Madden P. P., Killimor. Pe. Madden requested that the vestments be returned for the celebration of the Silver Jubilee of the consecration of the Bishop, Dr. Dignan, to be held in St. Joseph’s College, Ballinasloe. The return of the vestments from the National Museum appears to have been permanent, and the letter indicates that the Museum supplied a display case so that they could be safely exhibited in St. Joseph’s College. Church records do not clarify if these vestments were bought by, or donated to the parish. Hugh Maguire, from the Hunt Museum, describes the design of the vestments as ‘very distinctive and can’t be before a particular wave of Celtic revivalism late 19th century at the earliest’. Above are two samples of the vestments which are now back in the parish of Killimor.

Left: Letter from Ms. Alex Ward, Art and Industrial Division, National Museum of Ireland, sent to Rev. Fr. Madden

Right: Very Rev. John Madden P. P. Killimor, 1930-1951.

Crucifix on Church Grounds.

To commemorate the Redemptorist Mission of 1905, a cross with a life-size image of the Crucified Christ, in cement, was erected in the church grounds. This was later removed and is now in the old cemetery.

First Communicant with teacher photographed at Crucifix in early 1960s.

The following table shows the names of villages and the family names in each village at the Bishop’s Visitation to the parish in 1931, as recorded in church records, Liber Status Animarum , Killimor 1931. It will be noted that in some cases villages were combined for church purposes and not treated separately as part of the forty seven townlands of the civil parish. The spelling of names and villages are exactly as recorded. Death, emigration, allocation of land, and other circumstances caused some family names to die out in many villages down through the years.

Kylemore : Shiel, Curley, Keary, Hanney, Tracey, Malone, Goode, Moran, Hanney, Mitchell,

Keatinge, Moran, Egan/Killeen (from Quansboro), Keatinge, Duffy.

Ballinahiscragh : Quirke, Starr, Barry, Mannion, Fitzgerald, Hughes, Harris, Noone, Keary, Tracey.

Heathlawn : Hara, McLernan (John), L. Tracey/Muldoon, Keary/Tracey, Hanney, McLernan(James),Whyte, Tierney, Finnerty, Tracey (John).

Lismihill : & Moate Kelly(Michael), Donohoe, Murray, Clasby, Kennedy/Reddin, Whyte,

Kelly (Ml.), Hickey, Clarke, Gordon, Nevills, Kenny, Cunningham.

Killeen : Meara, Nevin, McGann (Thos), Kilkenny, Donohoe, McGann (Patrick) McEnaney/Goonan, Fahy.

Whitegate & Ballycahil l: Geoghegan, Kelly (Patk.), Shiel, Dillon, Reilly, Callanan, Larkin, Kelly (Michael), Hara, O’Toole, Curley.

Cloncona : Bohan, Mitchell, Hearne, Keary, Costelloe, Gormally, Horan, Moran, Head.

Killeenamullan & Coolbaun : Whelan, Connors, Mannion, Dervan, Winters, Blaney, Coen, Barrett.

Clarary : Fahy, Fergus, Conway, Connors, Bohan, Kane, Larkin.

Lisdeligna W .: Brien (John), Brien (Ellen?), Connaughtin, Burns/Larkin, Tracey, Larkin (Michael), Curley, Fahy, Cunniffe, Coughlan.

Lisdeligna E .: Monahan, Martyn, White, Kirwan.

Derrysiskle : Cunniffe, Moran, Bohan, Larkin.

Derrhue : Cloonan/Rock, Reilly (Mrs. Bgd.), Monahan, Broderick (Mary), Reilly (John), Kelly, Brien, Greally, Rock (John), Broderick (John), Broderick (Kate).

Kylecrow : Larkin/Kenny, Coughlan (Mary), Monahan, White, Lyons.

Clonoolish : Walshe, Dolan, Nevin (Mgt.),

Lisaniska Lower : McEvoy, Hogan, Boland, Haverty, Lowry, Temple, Gibbons, Power, Briscoe, Conroy.

Lisaniska Upper : Campbell, Hobbs, Muldoon, Heagney, Callagy, Finnerty, Whelan, Malone, Callanan.

Neale : Spring, Grady, Hara (Edw.), Hara (Ml.), Hara (Joanna), Hara (Anne).

Ahanduff & Sandymount : Killeen/Kennedy, Hannon/Hara, Lantry/Fennessy, Burke, Conway, Grady (Ml.), Nevin/Quigley, Mannion, Ryan, Lyons, Cunniffe.

Corr : Carty, Broderick, Holohan, Duffy, Hanney, Gallagher, Hayes, Forde, Callagy, Head.

Garryard & Kiltagour : Hanrahan (Ml.), Hanrahan (Martin), Dolan, Madden (Patrick), Madden (Andew), Holohan.

Garryard : McGann, Whyte, Tracey.

Killimor South : Flannery, Robinson, Ryan, Matthews, Wynne, Shiel, Cunniffe, (Duffy (Thos.), Cooney, Foley, Gilloway, Kirwan, Byrne, Soughley, Hobbs, Tracey, Carr, Miss Kelly, Brien, Duffy (Ml.), Toher, Madden, Holohan (Ml.).

Killimor North : Muldoon, O’Toole, Connors, Colgan, Hara, Curley, O’Meara (Ml.), Fitzpatrick, O’Meara (Vincent), Hobbs, Kelly, Stewart, Pender, Connaughton, Gibbs, Mason, Brody, Duffy, Saunders, Lantry, Dooley, Connaire, Whelan, Porter.

Inscriptions on Memorials to priests interred in the Church grounds (with the exception of Fr. J. P. Callanan, read as follows:

Erected by the people of Killimor in memory of the Very Rev. J. P. Callanan P. P.V. F . who for over 25 years was the faithful pastor of Killimor and Tiernascragh. He died at Denver, U. S.A. on the 25th day of April 1923 in the 55th year of his age.

In memory of Rev. Hubert Brennan P. P. Killimor & Tiernascragh. Died 13-July 1929.

Erected in loving memory of Revd. Michael J Ryan C. C. Killimor who died 19th Feb. 1937. R. I.P.

In memory of Rev. J. Madden Killimor & Tiernascragh died 25 April 1951. R. I.P.

In ever loving memory of Father Patrick Abberton, P. P. Killimor March 1977. Died 5 February 1978.

In ever loving memory of Fr. Hugh Flynn P. P . Killimor. Died 3 July 1981.

In loving memory of V. Rev. John O’Connor D. C.L ., parish priest Killimor 1951-1977.

Died 30th August 1986 at Arus Vianney, Portiuncula Hospital.

In loving memory of Very Rev. John Solon , parish priest Killimor 1981—-1994 who died 5th Feb. 1994, aged 72 years.

In ever loving memory of Rev. Fr. Oliver Briscoe , Killimor, born Castletown 22nd April 1930. Ordained Carlow 6th January 1954. Died 28th May 2007.

Priests Interred in the Church.

Senior citizens in the parish may recall three slabs in front of the altar, outside the altar rails, under which three parish priests were interred during the 19th century. These slabs commemorating the priests are no longer visible having been covered over during church renovations.

Fortunately the grave inscriptions were recorded so that these men will not be forgotten and there is now a commemoration plaque on the church wall with their names recorded on it. Rev. John Walsh, Rev. Malachy Green C. C., Rev. Michael Keating.

Corpus Christi Processions 1940s.

This Church Festival celebrates the Blessed Eucharist as being the Body of Christ and is marked in many countries with a Procession in which the Consecrated Host is carried by a priest through the streets.

Each year the Procession took place in Killimor on the Feast of Corpus Christi, which was celebrated on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday. The congregation was marshalled into rows by stewards after the 11 o’clock Mass. The Sacred Host was placed in the monstrance by the priest, who then walked under a canopy which was borne by four men from the community. The Procession advanced from the church, led by some altar servers holding candlesticks with lighted candles, and followed by the men, women and children. Some children were dressed in their white First Communion or Confirmation dresses and veils, and preceded the priest. About six of them faced the Blessed Sacrament, walking backwards and strewing flower petals on the ground from small baskets. Eight members of the L. D.F.(or F. C.A.), carrying rifles, flanked the Blessed Sacrament, four on each side, while others paid their respect by carrying their flag and saluting the Blessed Sacrament. On leaving the church, the Procession walked down the main avenue, through the town and into the school-yard. While processing, the Rosary was recited and hymns were sung, and an aura of devotion permeated the whole atmosphere. Each house in the town was well prepared for the occasion and honoured the day by having a small altar, consisting of statues, holy images and vases of flowers in the window, doorway or outside on the footpath, as well as flying the Papal and National flags from the windows. A temporary altar was erected and decorated by members of the community at the front wall of the old school. On reaching the school-yard the people were marshalled into position each side of the yard, in the middle of which was a long mat stretching from the gate to the altar. The priest and his acolytes walked on this mat towards the altar. The priest then gave the Benediction, recited the Divine Praises, while the choir and congregation sang O Salutaris Hostia, Tantum Ergo and Adoremus. Other hymns sung included Soul of my Saviour, To Jesus’ Heart all-Burning, and Sweet Heart of Jesus. Having participated reverently, the congregation then dispersed.

The Procession leaving the church and coming out the main avenue led by some altar servers holding candle sticks with lighted candles, and followed by the men, women and children. One man carries a banner which reads: “COULD YOU NOT WATCH ONE HOUR WITH ME”. Family names in this photo include Colgan, Carr, Hanney, Power, Rocke, Reilly, Cunniffe, Haverty, Burke, and Connaughton.

The Procession walking through the town and approaching the school yard. The entrance to the school was decorated with a specially made arch of green foliage.

The priest, carrying the Blessed Sacrament and shaded by a canopy, enters the school yard. He is preceded by First Communion and Confirmation children, about six of whom face the Blessed Sacrament, walking backwards and strewing flower pedals on the ground. Eight members of the Local Defence Force, carrying rifles, flank the Blessed Sacrament. All others attending are marshalled into position in the school yard.

The priest gives Benediction at a temporary altar erected and decorated by members of the community at the front wall of the old school (not seen in photo). Choir and congregation sing hymns and recite the Divine Praises.

In his book Loughrea A Parish History Declan Kelly states that the Curate’s residence was built in Killimor during the tenure of Fr. Martin Charles O’Farrell 1913-1917. Curates in the parish occupied this house for many years. They then lived in Tiernascragh in purpose-built new accommodation. The house was eventually demolished and community houses are now built on the site.

This amenity is situated beside St. Joseph’s Church. The plaque on the wall to the right inside the main door states:

Officially blessed and opened by Bishop of Clonfert, John Kirby, Fr. Ciarán Kitching and Fr. Noel Lynch and all who gathered on Sunday August 5th, 2007. This centre, built by the people of the parish, is a place where wholeness is nurtured, hope is affirmed and Christ’s healing is made available to all who have need of it.

The Centre contains a Multi-Purpose & Meeting Room, a Meditation and Prayer Room, a Counselling Room, an Office, a Kitchen and Rest Rooms.

St. Joseph, the Worker, stands to the left, inside the main door of St. Joseph’s Centre. The statue, carved in oak by Vladimir Simik in Slovakia, was donated by Seán Treacy & Family (Treacy’s Public House, Killimor).

This image is on the wall of the main entrance to St. Joseph’s Centre. The statue, called “Respect”, was carved from bog oak and donated by Kieran Tuohy, shown here with his wife, Bernadette, née Moran of Derrysiskal, Killimor. The carving now stands in the Prayer/Meditation Room.

The window in the Prayer/Meditation Room was a gift from Joan Kinirons to St. Joseph’s Centre. It was erected in remembrance of her uncle Amby. “In loving memory of Ambrose Larkin, Derrysiskal – 22nd November 1903 – 17th May 1998.

The following tributes are recorded on the large window of the Multi-Purpose & Meeting Room.

Killimor Fás C. E. Team 2006 – 2007 agus i gcuimhne Tony Dervan 1948 – 2005.

Tom Mullarkey 1938 – 2006.

Members of Killimor Fás Community Employment Team did much of the work on the building under the supervision of Tony Dervan. Tom Mullarkey was the original architect but sadly passed away before St. Joseph’s Centre was completed.

This is an example of a certificate given by the church to children in the early part of the 20th century on the occasion of their First Holy Communion and Confirmation .

“Kathleen Heade received the first holy Communion.

in Killimor on the 14th day of June in the year 1914.

and was Confirmed 23rd May 1918”.

The sentence at the top of the certificate reads:

A PRECIOUS REMEMBRANCE TO A FAITHFUL SOUL.

This is a copy of a Baptismal Certificate given out in 1937, in the Parish of Killimor and Tirnascragh, Diocese of Clonfert. It denotes that Brigid, daughter of Hugh Monahan and Brigid Lowry, was baptised according to the rites of the Catholic Church on the 9th day of January 1867. The name of the officiating priest is not given and one sponsor is named, Mrs. P. Monahan. The certificate was signed by J. Madden on 12th day of January 1937.

Certificates were given to all people who joined Killimor Branch of the Pioneer Total Abstinence Association of the Sacred Heart . This movement was founded in December 1898 by Fr. James A. Cullen, a Jesuit priest, in St. Francis Zavier Church, Gardiner St., Dublin. The aim was to address the problem of intemperance and alcohol abuse throughout the country. In the Register and Minute Book for Killimor Parish, the first entry was dated 15/2/1933. Patrick Grady got his certificate of membership on 20th March 1944, which was signed by A. Cummins C. C.

This certificate shows that William Barry (Ballinahiscragh) received his First Holy Communion in Killimore Church on 17th June 1906. The officiating priest was James Spelman, (Administrator 1906, 1907).

The Marriage Register was begun by Rev. Francis J. Coghlan P. P. and was called The Registry of Marriages for the United Parishes of Killimore & Tierenaschra 9th October 1831.

Opposite is a copy of the first page of the Register . Stipends paid by the couple to the officiating priest are recorded from October 1831 to February 1835 and then discontinued. These amounts varied from £1.5s.0d. upwards to £6.15s.0d. There are many entries of 5s.0d. which denoted the offering paid for a Marriage Certificate.

The page opposite denotes the marriages which took place in the months of February, March, April and May 1845.

All these records can now be viewed on line by Clicking HERE.

Below is a sample page for the year 1883 showing some of the marriages in the months of January and February. The marriage register now gives the names of the witnesses as well as those of the bride and groom.

This marble statue was recently installed in Killimor Church. It is a beautiful image of St. Joseph which welcomes parishioners and all visitors to St. Joseph’s Church.

Thanks to the La Sainte Union Sisters, Athlone, and to Sr. Austin Briscoe, who presented the statue to the parish. It may have come originally from one of the Sisters’ houses in France and was “resident” in the Bower Convent and Boarding School, Athlone, for a long time.

It was installed by Seán Treacy and his team, and was blessed by Fr. Ciarán Kitching, on April 30th, 2017.

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Killimor in 1916.

Killimor town circa 1916.

Some Births in the parish in 1916.

Sister Mary Francis Mattimoe (Marie) was daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Mattimoe, Killimor. Mrs. Mattimoe later became Mrs. Austin O’Toole and was a teacher in Killimor Boys’ National School. Marie began her schooling in Killimor on 23rd April 1919, and her date of birth was given in the register as February 1916.

Sister Mary Pauline O’Connor (Margaret/Madge) was daughter of John and Mary O’Connor (née Duffy). She was born on 2nd September 1916. She entered the Convent of Mercy, Loughrea, on 22nd April, 1938. She passed away on 2nd December 2003, in Portiuncula Hospital, Ballinasloe, and was interred in the Convent Cemetery, Loughrea.

Mary Jane Duffy daughter of Edward and Bridget Duffy, Magheramore, Killimor, was born in 1916. Mary Jane married Paddy Joyce and lived most of her life in Recess, Connemara. She passed away in 2005.

Admissions of Females to School in 1916.

Brien , Mary (Maureen), 10 April 1916, Lisduff.

Beegan , Elly, 30 May 1916, Eskerboy.

Coghlan , Annie, 30 May 1916, Oxgrove.

Clarke , Johanna, 08 November 1916, Ballycahill.

Finnerty , Mary, 16 May 1916, Heathlawn.

Finnerty , Winifred, 18 September 1916, Derrysiskil.

Finnerty , Mary, 18 September 1916, Derrysiskil.

Hanney , Mary, 25 May 1916, Kylemore.

Hanney , Emily B., 25 May 1916, Kylemore.

Hynes , Kathleen, 07 June 1916, Killimor.

Howe , Christina, 12 September 1916, Heathlawn.

Hanrahan , Agnes, 07 December 1916, Kyletagour.

Kirwan , Emily M., 03 April 1916, Killian.

Kelly , Elly, 25 September 1916, Moate.

Madden , Tessie, 12 October 1916, Eskerboy.

McEvoy , Mary E., 16 May 1916, Lisaniska.

Soughley , Margaret, 11 April 1916, Killimor.

Wynne , Kitty, 01 May 1916, Killimor.

Winters , Annie, 22 September 1916, Ramore.

Winters , Kathleen, 03 October 1916, Ramore.

Johanna Clarke , Ballycahill transferred from Gortanumera School.

Winifred and Mary Finnerty , Derrysiskil transferred from Leitrim School.

Christina Howe transferred from Portumna School.

Margaret Mannion transferred from Tiernascragh School.

Annie and Kathleen Winters transferred from Coolagh School.

The list of Male Admissions to School in 1916 could not be located.

Royal Irish Constabulary Personnel who served in Killimor 1910-1920.

Very Rev. John Callanan , P. P., 1899 – 1922.

John P. Callanan, when he was aged thirty eight years, sailed on the Cedric from Queenstown and arrived in New York on 23rd February 1906. He was described on the ship’s manifesto as a clergyman whose last residence was in Killimore. He paid his own passage and had over $50 in his possession. He was never before in the United States and was going to St. Benedict Rectory, Morris Park, Long Island. According to Church records he was parish priest in Killimore between 1899 and 1922. He is reputed to have solved some issues relating to the division of land at that time in Killimore parish. His exalted character and high sense of justice are mentioned in a local newspaper The Connacht Tribune of April 2nd 1910. He died in Denver, Colorado, on 25th April 1923, at a relatively young age and is buried in the United States. He is commemorated by a headstone in the grounds of St. Joseph’s Church, Killimor.

His connection with the 1916 Rising.

Pe. Martin Charles O’Farrell, well known for his nationalist views and strong preaching, was born at Ballymanagh House, Craughwell, in December 1879. He was ordained in Maynooth in 1906. He served as curate in Killimor 1912 – 1916. His nationalist leanings and concern over land division became evident in Killimor when the Town Tenants’ League was formed to pursue the rights of the townspeople to ownership of land. At a meeting of the Town Tenants League, held in the Town Hall, on 9th May 1912, the Connacht Tribune of 18th May 1912 states that Fr. O’Farrell informed the meeting “that Rusheeny grass farm was secured for Killimore town tenants, the grazing of which was arranged to the satisfaction of all parties”.

A series of articles, written by Martin Dolan following his interviews with the Galway Volunteers of 1916, was published in the Connacht Tribune in 1966. One article states that on the Wednesday of the Easter Rising, out of concern for the mobilised men of Easter 1916 in the Craughwell area, Fr. O’Farrell set out from Killimor in an effort to dissuade them from further participation in the Rising. In a witness statement, (Document NO. W. S. 1061, Bureau of Military History, 1913-1921). Laurence Flynn of Lisafooka, Loughrea, states that he was recruited into the Irish Volunteers during the week before the Rising. He gives the following account of Fr. O’Farrell’s journey to Moyode:

During Ester Week 1916 Fr. O’Farrell, C. C., Killimor, who was a great friend of mine, came to me at my home in Lisafooka. He said he wished to get to Moyode if possible as Loughrea was full of British forces – and that the Volunteers in Moyode would be surrounded. I cannot remember exactly what day of Easter Week that was but as far as I can recollect it was Wednesday. Father O’Farrell said he wanted to get some ruse to pass the British Military in Loughrea and asked me to accompany him. We both went on push bicycles to Loughrea and when we were halted by a sentry in Main St. Fr. O’Farrell told the sentry that he was going on a sick call with me. We were allowed to pass by the sentry and then Fr. O’Farrell told me to return home as he was going to stay the night at his own home which was in the direction of Moyode. I went to my own home by another route (the Bullaun road) and arrived safely.

The following Friday Fr. O’Farrell, accompanied on a motor-cycle by Fr. Tom Fahy, overtook the Volunteers at Limepark. Pe. O’Farrell, aware of destruction of Dublin and the position of the poorly armed Volunteers, waved his arms and cried out “Ye’re going to your deaths. Ye will all be killed”. Pe. O’Farrell subsequently served in the parishes of Eyrecourt, Ballinakill, Kilrickle and Leitrim.

Sergeant Michael Thomas Soughley.

The Soughley family were associated with Killimor for four hundred years according to.

Pe. P. K. Egan in his book The Parish of Ballinasloe (1960) . In the 1880s Frank Soughley married Margaret Conroy, from Moorefield in the parish of Quansboro/Fahy and raised a family of eight children. Mick, born in 1890, was the eldest member of the family. He was a monitor in Killimor Boys’ National School and later went on to join the Dublin Metropolitan Police. His official name was Michael Thomas Soughly. He was appointed to the DMP on November 20th 1911, having been recommended by James McDermott, J. P. Killimore. His warrant number was 11069. He was promoted to the office of sergeant on July 17th 1925, and became station sergeant on May 12th 1939. He gave a total of thirty six years and one hundred and sixty four days “Exemplary Service” to the DMP. Mick passed away on October 1st 1959. When he retired he was a sergeant in Kilmainham Garda Station. Mick witnessed some historical events during his lifetime. During the Easter Rising in 1916, the police were confined to their stations, but Mick being stationed close to Kilmainham Jail heard the shots of the firing squads during the Rising. According to his family he was the officer chosen to inform Mrs. Clarke that her husband, Tom, (a signatory of the 1916 Proclamation) was to be executed. He also accompanied Grace Gifford from her home to Kilmainham Jail, for her marriage to Joseph Mary Plunkett (poet and also a signatory of the 1916 Proclamation) just before her fiance’s execution.

James Murray and the Easter Rising 1916.

James (Jim/Jimmy) Murray was born in Derrydonnell, Athenry. He joined the Irish Volunteers in November 1914. He is listed as one of “The Twelve Apostles of Athenry” who were imprisoned for taking part in the 1916 Rising in Co. Galway. Afterwards he participated in the Civil War. He served prison sentences in England and in the Curragh.

The Killimor Connection.

James Murray’s daughter, Mary Carrier, states: “He took a job working on the roads and happened to drive a steam roller into Killimor. He frequented Curley’s and Fitzpatrick’s and became very friendly with May and soon a relationship developed between the two”. May and Jim married, lived in America and raised their family there. They and their children visited Killimor frequently down through the years. May and Jim were predeceased by their son, John F. who passed away in June 1993. James Murray died in February 1988 aged 94. May Fitzpatrick/Murray died in April 1993 aged 89. A second son, Séamus, passed away in El Paso, Texas, in 1999 aged 65. The parents and their two sons are interred in Killimor Old Cemetery.

The Murrays and Friends.

Back L. to R. Tommy Sheridan, Mrs. Connors, Margaret McClearn (Heathlawn), May Fitzpatrick/Murray (Killimor),

Middle: Jim (James) Murray, Anna McClearn (Heathlawn), Florence Gilchrist (whose mother was Hara from Neale), Mrs. Sheridan (formerly Gertie Keary, Kylemore), A. N. Other, Margaret Treacy (Heathlawn), Johnny Connors, Winnie Treacy (Heathlawn), Joe Tierney (Heathlawn),

Front: Mary Murray, Pakie Grady (Neale).

This photograph was taken in America in the 1960s.

Memorials to Murray Family in the Old Cemetery, Killimor.

Boot and Shoe Repairs in 1916.

These are pages from an old Passbook belonging to the Flannerys who were shoemakers, and which dates from late 1914 to 1918. The Passbook reflects a wide range of customers, and the economy and thrift practised in those years when people had their boots and shoes repaired so they would last for a long time. Most names recorded in the Passbook are long gone from Killimor. Customers included McDermotts, Ruddens, Matthews, Pelleys, Tierneys, Kearys, Whelans, Greallys, Clarkes, Conroys, Horsemans , and Ryans of the Post Office and their relations the Foleys . Flannerys had their own unique way of documenting customers with entries such as “David’s new boots” which cost 17s., “Essie’s boots soled” for 1s.3d., “Young Dervan ” soled and heeled for 4s., “Young Whelan reps” for 6d. and “Young Penders reps” for 1s.3d. The months of October, November, December and January were the busiest time of the year when most repairs were done.

The pages displayed show “Master’s Boots soled and heeled”, the Master in question was the local school headmaster, Johnny Robinson . Ellie Larkin and M. Larkin were Johnny Robinson’s relations who resided with him. Mr. Hickie and Miss Hickie came from the McDermott family in Ramore. The second page documents the accounts of Mrs. Matthews and her family.

This is a page from one of Mrs. Julia Griffin’s ledgers. The account book, or ledger, covers the years 1911 to 1924. The accounts were written in pen and ink or indelible pencil. She stocked a wide range of goods such as the staple foods, animal feeds, household necessities, drapery, footwear, hardware and religious objects. Loose slips of paper, found in the ledger, indicate that Julia Griffin held an account with one of her own customers, Martin Connaire. Martin was a local blacksmith who shod trap and dray wheels, repaired the trap, made wheel rims and shoes for the ass and pony, and even painted eave-chute holdfasts for her. The page shows that Mrs. Julia Griffin settled her account with Martin Connaire in November 1916.

Compartilhar isso:

Killimor Diaspora.

Emigration has always been a feature of Irish life down through the centuries. The Ulster Plantation and the Cromwellian Conquest, in the 17th century, led to many people seeking refuge on the European Continent. Likewise, the Williamite Wars led to much military emigration to Europe. From the beginning of the 19th century emigration across the Atlantic to the United States and Canada began in earnest. During this time a small number of emigrants went to the old penal colony of Australia.

Emigration to Australia between 1828 and 1860.

The Galway Emigrant Index showed a list of people who emigrated from Galway to Australia, New South Wales and Queensland, from 1828 to 1860. This index was compiled by Peter Madden, Newcastle, Australia, who wishes the index to ‘be considered as a finding aid, NOT as an absolutely definitive foolproof work’. People who fully paid their own passage (e. g. to seek gold) or who were convicts, are not included, so those people who emigrated possibly did so for economic reasons. Because of the fact that some entries are difficult to decipher and the spelling of the name varies, it was not possible to ascertain that the place mentioned each time is our parish of Killimor.

The people listed below emigrated between 1841 and 1858, which was before and during the Great Famine.

John Head and his wife Bridget emigrated on the ship Lady Kennaway in 1841. John was twenty one years of age and his wife was twenty two. Their address was written as “Killinor”. John’s parents were named as John and Bridget Head and his wife’s parents were given as John Head and Nancy. Both fathers were farmers.

Also on board the same ship was Ann Head , aged twenty two years, whose parents were John and Catherine. The ship’s entry stated that Ann Head was ‘related to John Head on board’.

Accompanying the Heads was twenty year old Mary Quin of “Killinor”. Her parents were John and Mary. Mary’s father was a labourer and the entry said she was also ‘related to John Head on board’ and ‘known to Michael Dolan’. The ship’s document stated that Mary Quin, and Ellen and Honora Brennan were known to Michael Dolan of Garryard. Given that Garryard (Garryad) is a townland in Killimor, and the fact that Dolans lived in the townland up to some years ago, it can be reasonably assumed that all these people came from Killimor.

In 1842, two sisters, Ellen and Honora Brennan of Killimore, sailed on the ship Champion . Both were quite young when undertaking this long and arduous voyage. Ellen was seventeen years and Honora was nineteen. According to the information given, their parents were both deceased and the girls were known to Michael Dolan, Garryard, and to the Minister at Sandymount. The Minister was very likely the parish priest of the time, Fr. Francis J. Coghlan, who lived in Sandymount (Moneenaveena) around these years.

On the same ship was another young girl named Margaret Nevan , aged twenty years. Her parents’ names were not documented but other information available stated that Margaret was ‘entrusted by her father to Michael Quigley’, and that her baptismal certificate was ‘known in Killimore’. Margaret was born circa 1822, but baptismal records in Killimore only date back to 1831, therefore a record of her baptism could not be located.

John Fitzgerald , aged twenty one years from “Killima,” sailed on the Agnes Ewing in 1842. John and Mary were his parents but by this time his father had died. John was ‘known at Ramore and Lisduff’ and his baptismal certificate was at Sandymount. As with Margaret Nevan, any record of his baptism could not located.

Among the passengers sailing to Australia on the ship Agnes in 1841, were a John Walsh and a Margaret Walsh . Their address was recorded as “Killimer”. John was twenty four years of age and the ship’s entry stated that he was known to Pat Walsh of Longhill and his parents were named as Patrick and Catherine and their occupation was given as farmers. It cannot be stated positively if “Longhill” is the townland of Laughil (Loughisle) but a Walsh family lived in that townland in the nineteenth century. Griffith’s Valuation 1855, documented James Walsh and Denis Walsh as holding a house, sheds and land in Laughil, and Mary Walsh was recorded on the 1901 Census.

Margaret Walsh , who was nineteen years old and whose parents were also named as Patrick and Catherine ‘was known in Ballibay’, and was under the protection of Joseph Dunbar. The connection with this Joseph Dunbar could not be positively established. However a Joseph Dunbar from Eyrecourt, aged twenty years, and his wife Ellen (née Watton) travelled to Australia on the ship Agnes in 1842 which was the year after Margaret Walsh travelled. Due to difficulty reading original documents the information recorded was not always completely accurate. Again, since the births of both John Walsh and Margaret Walsh pre-dated 1831, no baptismal records were available in Killimor.

Four siblings, Honora, James, Robert and Mary Donelan , boarded the ship Agincourt , which was bound for Australia in 1852. They ranged in age from twenty five years down to fifteen. Their address was given as “Killimora” and their parents were named as John Donelan and Ellen Salmon. Unfortunately, nineteen year old James died on the voyage. Eighteen year old Robert had been a post office clerk in Glasgow for three years. A search through the baptismal records for Killimore yielded no details for these brothers and sisters. However, the baptisms of two other children of John Donnellan and Ellen Salmon were documented. John Donnellan was baptised in Killimore church on 14th June 1837; the sponsors were James Coghlan and Honora Donnellan (who may have been the older sister and the girl who emigrated to Australia.) Then on 12th January 1839 Ellen Donelan was baptised. On this occasion the sponsors were Thomas and Mary Hobbs. Church records gave the spelling of the surname as Donnellan while the Agincourt recorded it as Donelan.

Mary Fahy , aged thirty, from “Killymur”, accompanied by her husband and three children, set sail on the ship Switzerland in 1854. Shipping documents recorded two of the three children as Peter and Michael Fahy but the third child is not recorded. Mary’s parents were named as Thomas and Catherine Mahon who were both deceased by 1854. Her husband was John Fahy from Cashel Ellen (sic ) which maybe Castlellen near Athenry. It is by no means definite that Mary Fahy (née Mahon) was from our parish of Killimor, as any indication of her existence could not be found either in the locally held records or in the church records.

A husband and wife, Thomas and Bridget Donnelly , boarded the ship Eliza in 1855. Bridget, aged twenty three years, was from “Killimer”. Her parents were named as James McKinna ( sic ) and Catherine. By this time her father had died but her mother was at Killimer. Anomalies exist between the ship’s entry and baptismal records in Killimore. Bridget was not recorded but the baptism of two children of James MacKenna and Catherine Quigley was documented. Patrick MacKenna was baptised in Killimore church on 25th July 1832 (the same year as Bridget’s birth!). His sponsors were James Cusack and Susan Collins. On 9th December 1834, another child, Thomas MacKenna, received the sacrament of baptism. Thomas’s godparents were Michael and Mary Collins. Bridget’s husband Thomas Donnelly, also aged twenty three, was from Tenagh ( sic ).

Luke Broderick , who was an eleven year old orphan from “Killimora”, travelled in 1856 on the ship Vocalist . He was in the care of Michael Lantry , who with his sister Mary Lantry , travelled on the same ship. Luke’s passage was paid by his relative John Broderick, who lived in Goulbourn. He also paid the passage for the Lantrys who were his cousins. Michael and Mary Lantry’s parents were named as Peter and Margaret but were both deceased. Michael was thirty eight years at this stage and Mary was twenty eight. It cannot be ascertained positively where these Lantrys originated. Griffith’s Valuation 1855 recorded a Michael Lantry in Ballynaskeragh who held a house, sheds, land and bog, while a Patrick and Michael Lantry had land in Ahanduffbeg.

John Broderick of Goulbourn must have been a very generous benefactor as he also paid the passage to Australia for another cousin named Brian Monahan . Brian, aged eighteen years, also travelled on the Vocalist with the Lantrys and Luke Broderick. His parents were named as Owen and Honor Monahan. Apparently his father was now dead but his mother lived at Killimer. Unfortunately, no baptismal or school record could be found for Brian Monahan or a marriage record for his parents, Owen and Honor. However a marriage record for an Owen Monaghan and Mary Carey, dated 4th May 1883, was uncovered. It was not possible to ascertain if there was any connection between Brian Monahan and these persons.

In 1858, Mary Mannion , aged fifty one and from Killimer, sailed to Australia on the ship Telegraph . Her parents were Patrick and Ann Broderick who were both deceased at this time. Mary’s husband was named as Patrick Mannion, who it appears, was already in Goulbourn. No local records relating to this family were found in Killimor.

Thomas Mannion aged twenty seven years and from Killymagh, emigrated on the ship Joshua in 1858. It is felt that Thomas Mannion came from Killimor as the ship’s entry stated that his mother Mary, already mentioned, arrived in Australia on the Telegraph . His parents were named as Patrick and Mary. His passage on the ship was paid by his father, Patrick, who was already in Goulbourn. It may be assumed that the aforementioned Mary Mannion was mother of Thomas Mannion.

A young man, Patrick McKenna , whose address was given as Killimer, left for Australia in 1858, on the ship Herald of the Morning . Patrick was twenty two years of age and his parents were James and Catherine. He had a sister Bridget living near Windsor and his mother lived at Kilqueen, which it is felt was Kilquaine (Fahy/Quansboro). A relationship could not be established between this McKenna family and the McKinna ( sic ) family already mentioned in connection with Bridget Donnelly, though in both instances the parents’ names were James and Catherine.

Passenger Arrivals: 1892 – 1924.

Large numbers of people emigrated from Ireland to the United States between 1892 and 1924, many of them gaining access through Ellis Island. All of these were documented in the Ellis Island Passenger Arrivals List. Among the names were those of upwards of ninety passengers from the Killimor area. The majority from Killimor were aged between sixteen and thirty years. The oldest passenger recorded was John Carey who was sixty two years, while the youngest was Mary Connor aged only two years. Many of them travelled on their own but in some instances passengers travelled with family members or friends. Some passengers were already U. S. citizens and were returning after a brief visit home.

Ellis Island records gave varying amounts of information, some ship manifests contained the person’s name, age, address, with whom they were going to stay in the U. S. and the amount of money they had on their person. Other Ellis Island records gave details of height, complexion, hair and eye colour and their state of health and also the name of the nearest living relative at home in Ireland. From research carried out, the following is an account of the people from the parish who arrived in the port of New York and then passed through Ellis Island to begin a new life in the United States.

Anne Burke , a servant, aged fifty years, and her son Luke Burke , a labourer aged twenty years, from Killimore, sailed for the United States on the ship Germanic . The ship manifest stated that they left the port of Queenstown and arrived at the port of New York on 6th October 1899, their final destination being New Haven. Neither Anne nor Luke had previously been in America. On arrival they had $30 between them. They went to join Anne’s other son Patrick, who resided at 83 Spring Street, Brooklyn, New York, and who paid their passage on the Germanic . Noted also on the ship manifest was the fact that Anne could neither read nor write, but her son Luke was able to do both.

Mary Burke , whose occupation was given as servant, travelled from Queenstown on the ship Baltic and arrived in New York on 2nd September 1904. She was nineteen years of age and this was her first journey to the United States. She had $20 in her possession. Her aunt, Mrs White, of 326W 43 Street, New York, whom she was going to join, paid her passage. A Mary Burke from Clonoolish is recorded in Killimore School Female Register. Mary started school on 22nd May 1893 at six years of age, and so indicating 1885 as her year of birth. However, according to the ship manifest, she was born in 1887 leaving a difference of two years.

Six people from Killimore sailed from Queenstown on the ship Teutonic on the 16th April 1896. They were Kate Broderick, Mary Callagy, Mary Davy, Patrick Duane, Patrick Fitz ( sic ) and Bridget Neville.

Kate Broderick , aged twenty two years, and described on the ship manifest as a servant from Killimore, set sail for New York on the ship Teutonic , which arrived in the port of New York on 16th April 1896. She had one piece of luggage with her and was not a U. S. citizen. The ship manifest did not give any further information about her except that she intended to remain permanently in the United States.

Mary Callagy , aged only fifteen years, embarked on the Teutonic and also arrived in the port of New York on 16th April 1896. Information about her is also very scant, except to say that she was a servant whose last residence was in Killimore, and who was destined for New York. According to the ship manifest she intended to stay permanently in the United States.

Mary Davy , described on the ship manifest as a twenty year old servant from Killimore, travelled on the same ship. She too carried one piece of baggage.

Patrick Duane , aged nineteen years, who also sailed on the Teutonic and arrived on 16th April 1896, was a labourer who intended to stay permanently in the United States. He too had one piece of luggage, and his last place of residence was given as Killimore. An annotation on Patrick Duane’s life in the United States was created by Kevin Pemrick on 31st October 2004. Patrick married Ellen Thornton and had four children. He settled in Troy, New York, where he was a boilermaker. He died on 3rd July 1936. His name was also spelled as Dewane in the United States.

Patrick Fitz , ( sic ) who was also on the Teutonic , was, according to the ship manifest, a twenty eight year old labourer from Killimore. He embarked at Queenstown and had two pieces of luggage. The school register in Killimor recorded a Pat Fitzpatrick from Lissaniska whose father’s occupation was given as a policeman. This boy started school at nine years of age on 2nd December 1878. This information suggested that Pat Fitzpatrick was born in 1869, whereas Patrick Fitz, according to the ship manifest, was born in 1868.

Bridget Neville , was a twenty four year old servant who was going to Boston. Like most of the others she had one piece of baggage. Her last residence in Ireland was given as Killimore.

Honoria Broderick , aged eighteen and described as a servant from Killimore, left Queenstown on the ship Teutonic on 4th October, 1900. The ship manifest noted that she had a ticket to her final destination which was New York. She had $20 on her person and her passage was paid for by her sister. She was never in the United States before and was going to her sister Katie in New York, whose full address was not given on the ship manifest. Her health condition was described as “good”.

Mary Broderick boarded the ship Campania in Queenstown and arrived in the port of New York on 24th April 1906. According to the ship manifest she was an eighteen year old servant from Killimore who was able to read and write. She herself paid her passage and had $5 pocket money. She was never before in the United States, was in good health and was going to join her aunt, Mrs. Lawless, 49 Smith Avenue, Kingston, New York. A Mary Broderick from Derrew started school in Killimore on 4th April 1894 aged six years. This age corresponds exactly with the age given on the ship manifest for Mary Broderick who sailed on the Campania .

Lawrence Boland , whose last residence was given as Killimore, was a twenty two year old single labourer. He embarked on the ship Germanic in Queenstown and arrived in the port of New York on 14th October 1898. At this stage he was a U. S. citizen for five years and had a ticket to his final destination, New York. According to the ship manifest he was in good mental and physical condition. A Laurence Boland from Neal is recorded on Killimore school male register. He was six years old when he started school in March 1880 which would mean he was born in 1874. According to his age, as given in the ship manifest, he was born in 1876.

Kate Campbell travelled on the ship Baltic , which reached the port of New York on 27th July 1912. She was a twenty one year old servant from Killimore who had the ability to read and write. Her nearest relative in Ireland was her father, John Campbell, Lusaniska (sic ), Killimore. The ship manifest stated that her final destination was New York.

There are five Conways listed in the Ellis Island ship manifests. Of these, two cited Boston as their final destination while three cited New York as their final destination.

John Conway , arrived in New York on the ship Ivernia on 21st May 1900. He was aged twenty two years, could read and write and had never been to the United States before. He paid his own fare and went to his sister Mary Conway, 7 Elm Street, Rochester, Mass. John Conway from Hearnesbrook began his schooling in Killimor in January 1883 at seven years of age. This would mean he was born in 1876, whereas, information on the ship manifest indicated he was born in 1878.

In 1902 Thomas Conway , a twenty three year old farmer with $10 in his pocket, travelled on the ship Luciana and arrived in the port of New York on 22nd June 1902. His final destination was to the home of his uncle Thomas Moran, who lived at 134E 127 Street, New York.

Then on 2nd April 1905 Patrick Conway boarded the ship Celtic in Queenstown. He was a twenty seven year old labourer. He went to his brother Peter Conway who resided at 14 Devon Street, Greenfield, Mass. Killimor school male records yielded information on a Pat Conway from Ramore. Pat started school on 12th May 1884, aged six years which meant he was born in 1878, the same year as gleaned from information on the ship manifest for Patrick Conway.

Of particular interest is the fact that an eight year old child, called Mary Conway , travelled to the United States on board the ship the Baltic which landed in New York on 10th May 1913. Also on board that ship was Mary Connors from Ramore. It is not evident what the relationship was between the child and Mary Connors. It must have been a very daunting experience for that little girl, Mary Conway, setting out from Killimore to go on a major journey into the unknown. Her nearest relative in Ireland was a Mrs. Conway from Heathlawn, Killimore, and Mary set out to join her aunt, Mary Conway, who lived at 135E 39th Street, New York.

The final Conway listed was a twenty two year old servant girl called Mary Conway from Heathlawn, Killimore. She travelled on the ship Caronia which arrived in New York on 13th October 1910. Her cousin paid her passage and she had $50 in her possession, which seemed to be a large sum considering that the average amount that people had was $20. In contrast to the other Conways listed, she had been to the United States on two previous occasions, in 1901 and again in 1909. On both occasions she went to New York. The ship manifest stated that on this particular voyage she went to her cousin, Mrs. M. Conway who lived at 204E 26th Street, New York. Mary was 5 feet and 6 inches tall, with brown hair and grey eyes. There appears to be some connection between this Mary Conway and the eight year old Mary Conway who went to New York on board the Baltic on 10th May 1913. This connection is not known except that their nearest living relatives in Ireland, at the time of embarkation, resided in Heathlawn, Killimore.

Mary Connors , aged twenty six, a servant girl who was able to read and write, travelled on the ship Baltic with eight year old Mary Conway. Her father, Stephen, resided in Ramore, Killimore. Like little Mary Conway she had never been to the United States before and had $10 in her possession. According to the ship manifest she paid her own fare and went to join a friend, Mrs. T. McMichael, who lived in 206 Ogden Street, Jersey City. Mary was 5 feet and 4 inches tall with a dark complexion, dark hair and brown eyes.

Two Costellos travelled to the United States on board the Teutonic and arrived in the port of New York on 15th June 1901. The first, Michael Costello , aged twenty six, was a shoemaker who could read and write. He was a United States citizen and on this occasion his final destination was Bridgeport.

It appears from the ship manifest that Pat Costello , aged nineteen, a labourer from Killimore who was also going to Bridgeport, was a brother to Michael Costello. He was not previously in the United States. He had $10 in his possession but the ship manifest stated that his passage was not paid by himself. He too, was able to read and write and was going to his brother Michael who lived in Ogden Street, Bridgeport.

John Carey , aged sixty two years, embarked on the ship Baltic , left Queenstown and arrived in New York on 2nd September 1904. He was a United States citizen who, according to the ship manifest, was able to read and write and whose last residence was given as Killimore. He had $50 on his person and paid his own passage. His final destination was 509 Parade, Erie, Pa.

Another Carey was mentioned, though written over the original name Carey was Keary.

This lady, Kate Carey , who was aged fifty years, journeyed to New York on the Oceanic , which arrived on 30th August 1905. She was the widow of a labourer and could read and write. Her son paid her fare and she herself had $50. The ship manifest named her son as Joseph Carey, 111 Waverly Place, New York. It also mentioned “Drs. Cert. Senility”.

John P. Callanan , aged thirty eight years, sailed on the Cedric from Queenstown and arrived in New York on 23rd February 1906. He was listed twice on the ship manifest, the first entry was crossed out but it mentioned his brother James Callanan, 427 East, 63rd Street, New York. The second entry described him as a clergyman whose last residence was in Killimore. He paid his own passage and had over $50 in his possession. He was never before in the United States and was going to St. Benedict Rectory, Morris Park, Long Island. According to Church records he was parish priest in Killimore between 1899 and 1922. He is reputed to have solved some issues relating to the division of land at that time in Killimore parish. His exalted character and high sense of justice are mentioned in a local newspaper. He died in Denver, Colorado, on 25th April 1923, at a relatively young age and is buried in the United States. He is commemorated by a headstone in the grounds of St. Joseph’s Church, Killimor.

Three Callagy names are documented on the Ellis Island Passenger List. First was Mary Callagy who travelled on the Teutoni c with five other Killimore people and arrived in New York on 16th April 1896.

Next is Denis Callagy , a thirty two year old asylum attendant. He travelled on the Olympic which arrived in New York on 24th July 1912. His father was Martin Callagy, Ardrague, Killimore, Co. Galway. Denis was previously in Westboro, Mass., in the United States and was now going to join his sister Mrs. Burns (or Bunns, the surname is difficult to decipher), 62 West, 38th Street, New York. He had blue eyes, dark hair and a fair complexion and his place of birth was given as Killimore. Killimore school male register recorded a Denis Callagy from Ardrag ( sic ) whose family occupation was given as bog-rangers, started school on 27th June 1877, aged six years. This would mean Denis was born in 1881, a one year difference from his age as given on the ship manifest of the Olympic .

The third Callagy mentioned was Michael Callagy , a twenty one year old labourer from Killimore, who, according to the ship manifest, was able to read and write. He sailed on the Cedric and arrived in New York on 3rd May 1913. His fare was paid by his cousin and he had $50 in his possession. His nearest relative in Ireland was his mother, Annie Callagy, Lisaniska, Killimore. He was not previously in the United States and was now going to his cousin, James Moran, 248 East, 23rd Street, New York. He had no marks of identification, was 5 feet and 8½ inches tall, of fair complexion with brown eyes and black hair. His place of birth was given as Killimore.

Julia Coghlan , whose last residence was in Killimore and whose final destination was New York, left Queenstown on the ship Umbria and arrived in New York on 20th May 1901. The ship manifest described her as a twenty three year old servant who was able to read and write. She paid her fare herself and had $25 on her person. She was never before in the United States and was now going to her sister, Mary Coghlan, 163 Reading Street, Newark, New York. Her health condition was good though she had anaemia.

Mary Casey of Killimore was destined for New York and sailed on the ship Baltic which arrived in New York on 25th September 1910. Her nearest relative in Ireland was her father James Casey, Killimore. She was twenty four years old, a servant and able to read and write. Mary was previously in Brooklyn and on this occasion was going to join her sister, Miss Casey (first name not given), 57 Madison Avenue, New York. She had $25 and paid her own passage. She had no marks of identification, was 5 feet 8 inches tall with a fair complexion, brown hair and grey eyes.

Two young farmers from Killimore travelled to New York on the ship Cymric and arrived on 4th June 1900.

The first was Peter Duffy , aged twenty four years, who could read and write. His passage to New York was paid by his sister and he had $20 in his possession. Peter was never before in the United States but his two sisters resided at 1995 Fullon Street, New York A Peter Duffy from Oxgrove, whose family occupation was given as herds, started school on 9th November 1884, aged six years. School records indicated that he was born in 1878 but according to the ship manifest his year of birth was 1876.

Michael Lowry travelled on the same ship as Peter Duffy. Michael, aged twenty two, and whose last residence was given as Killimore, had his passage paid for by his sister and he had $25 in his pocket. His final destination was New York where his two sisters lived at 170E 102 Street, New York.

Margaret Ferguson sailed on the Carmania and arrived in the port of New York on 1st October 1913. She was nineteen years of age and was a servant who was able to read and write. She came from Ramore, Killimore, Galway, and her father was named as Thomas Ferguson of that address. She had $40 in her possession and was going to her aunt, Mrs. Hurley, 200E 94 Street, New York. She was 5 feet and 6 inches tall, of fair complexion with brown hair, hazel eyes and in good health.

The records also contained some anomalies and a case in point is that of Mary Flannery . According to the Ellis Island records, a Mary Flannery, aged twenty years left on the ship Teutonic on 20th September 1901, and went to her brother William Flannery, who lived at 300E 78th Street, New York. However, a Mary Flannery was also listed as a passenger on the ship Cymric which departed from Queenstown on 23 September 1901, and went to her brother William Flannery who lived at the address given above. It is also interesting to note that she had $20 in her possession.

Then in 1909, a Mary Flannery , aged twenty eight years and from Killimore, was listed as having been a passenger on the ship Oceanic which left the port of Queenstown and arrived in the port of New York on 8 April 1909. This Mary Flannery was also listed as having a brother William; however, his address was given as 309E 92nd Street, New York. The ship manifest states that her nearest living relative in Ireland was her father Michael Flannery. Her occupation was given as a shop assistant. She was 5 feet and 5 inches tall, of dark complexion, had blue eyes and dark hair. It seems that this was the same Mary Flannery who was listed as having departed Queenstown in September 1901. Perhaps she came on a visit to Killimore, but there is no conclusive evidence to suggest this, at this point in time. A Mary Flannery was found on the Killimor female school register. She started school on 5th March 1883 at four years of age. This would mean Mary was born in 1879, whereas, the Mary Flannery listed on the ship manifest was born in 1881.

Also of interest is the fact that a Delia Flannery and a Vincent O’Meara were also passengers on the ship Oceanic in 1909. It is apparent from the records that Delia was a sister of Mary, as her father was also listed as Michael, and she was going to her brother William, who lived at 309E 92nd Street, New York. Delia was aged twenty years and was also a shop assistant. She was one inch taller than her sister Mary with her height given as 5 feet and 6 inches. She had brown eyes, dark hair and dark complexion. Both Delia and her sister Mary could read and write. There is a three years difference between her age as depicted on the ship manifest and that of a Delia Flannery from Killimore, who started school on 11th May 1891 at five years of age.

Vincent O’Meara left Killimore on the same ship, the Oceanic , and his details are as follows: he was aged seventeen years, could read and write, was 5 feet 6 inches in height with brown eyes, fair hair and a fair complexion. His nearest living relative in Ireland was given as Mrs. Julia Griffin, Killimore. He went to his mother, Julia O’Meara, who lived at 94 4th Avenue, New York. In cross referencing the school registers, a Vincent O’Meara was documented. He started school on 29th April 1895 aged three years, and the occupation of his father was given as a shopkeeper.

In later years Vincent O’Meara and his wife established a very successful business in Killimore and traded as P. V. O’Meara.

Annie Gormally began her transatlantic voyage on board the ship Celtic , and disembarked in New York on 13th July 1912. She was twenty six years of age, was 5 feet in height with brown hair, blue eyes and a fair complexion. Annie could read and write and her occupation was given as servant. She paid her passage herself and had $15 pocket money. She intended to join her brother, Michael Gormally, 210 West 105 Street, New York. Her father, John Gormally, Killimore, Ballinasloe, was named as her nearest relative in Ireland. School records showed that Annie Gormally from Cloncona started school in Killimore in March 1894 at seven years of age. This would mean she was born in 1887, whereas, according to the ship manifest her year of birth was 1886.

Another twenty six year old girl named Annie Treacy travelled on the same ship as Annie Gormally. The ship manifest gave her last residence as Killimore but her nearest relative in Ireland was her father Patrick Treacy, Carrew, Tynagh, Loughrea. She also was a servant girl who could read and write. She had $15 on her person and paid her own passage. This was her first time in the United States and she was going to her cousin, John Treacy, 77 Oraland Street, Newark. Annie had a fair complexion, fair hair, blue eyes and was 5 feet 3 inches in height.

On board the ship Baltic , which docked in the port of New York on 3rd October 1922, was Mary A. Gallagher . Mary was an eighteen year old domestic servant who was bound for New York, where she intended to stay for ten years. Her nearest relative in Ireland was her father, Michael Gallagher, Lisaligna, ( sic ) Killimore, Co. Galway. This was her first time in the United States and her passage was paid by her uncle. The ship manifest named her uncle, whom she was going to join, as James Walsh, Roslyn Heights, Long Island, New York. Her mental and physical health was good, she had fair hair, a fair complexion and blue eyes, and was 5 feet and 3 inches tall. Mary Gallagher’s age, as given on the ship manifest, corresponds exactly with that given in the Killimore school female register for Mary Gallagher from Killimore who started school on 3rd June 1907, aged three years.

A forty year old labourer, John Glynn , whose last residence was given as Killimore, journeyed on the Oceanic which arrived in New York on 30th August 1905. John could read and write and was a United States citizen. He paid his own passage and had over $50 in his pocket. He intended to join his sister, Mrs. Keary, 160 East, 84th Street, New York. The ship manifest stated that he was in good mental and physical health.

The ship Britannic , having picked up passengers in Queenstown, arrived in the port of New York on 6th May 1899. On board were four Killimore people, Annie Grady, James Haverty, John Haverty and Thomas Rooney.

Annie Grady , according to the ship manifest, was a twenty five year old farmer who was able to read and write. Her passage to New York was paid by her sister and she had $20 of her own. Her sister, whom she was going to join, was named Delia but due to the quality of the original document, it was impossible to decipher her address.

James and John Haverty emigrated on the same ship. John was twenty two years old and James was just twenty. Both were farmers who were able to read and write. Neither one was previously in the United States. Their brother paid their passage and they travelled to his home at 136E 100th Street, New York. They had some pocket money in dollars but the exact amount was not clear on the ship manifest. John Haverty of Lisaniska was recorded in the Killimore school register as starting school on 11th October 1886 aged nine years. His age on the school register tallies with that on the ship manifest which means he was born in 1877. James Haverty, also of Lisaniska, began school on 26th May 1887 aged six years. According to the school register he was born in 1881, a difference of two years from that given on the ship manifest.

Thomas Rooney , aged twenty two, was also described as a farmer. He had a ticket to his final destination which was paid for by his uncle. He had $20 in his pocket but the name and address of the uncle to whom he was going, are very vague but it seems like Thos. Moroney or Rooney, Albany.

Patrick Grady of Killimore, boarded the Luciana at Queenstown and disembarked in the port of New York on 21st November 1903. He was a nineteen year old labourer, in good health, and was able to read and write. He paid for his own ticket and had $5 pocket-money. This was his first time in the United States and he was going to his sister Mrs. W. Routick, 410 Steners Street. Hoboken, Nova Jersey. Patrick Gready ( sic ) of Neal, was listed in the school register as having started school on the 26th May 1890, aged six years. This would mean he was born in 1884 and tallies with the age given in the ship manifest.

A twenty year old single man, named Matt Hanney , arrived in the port of New York aboard the Servia , on 5th May 1893. The ship manifest gave his destination as Brooklyn, and his last residence as Galway. There is no allusion to Killimor but an ancestor of the Hanney family of Kylemore and Heathlawn emigrated in those years. The male school register lists a Mathew Hanney of Kylemore, who started school on 20th June 1878, aged five years. The age given in the ship manifest tallies with that recorded in the school register, which would mean Matt/Mathew was born in 1873. However, the baptismal register shows only one person of that surname for 1873. Martin Hanny was baptised on 29th April 1873. The parents’ names are given as James Hanny and Margaret Power.

Various people with the surname Head made the transatlantic journey between 1901 and 1914.

Mary Head , whose last residence in Ireland was given as Killimore, boarded the Oceanic in Liverpool. This ship arrived in the port of New York on 17th April 1901. Mary, described as a servant, was not in the United States previously. She paid her own passage and had $23 in her pocket. She was going to her cousin, whose surname also was Head, who lived at 228E 360 Street, New York. A young child named Mary Connor, travelled with Mary Head.

Mary Connor was only two years old and was travelling to her father who lived at 13 Susan ? Street, Kingstown or Kingston. This child had $15 on her. It is not evident if the child was related to Mary Head or if Mary was assuming responsibility for her on the journey.

Michael Head , a twenty one year old farmer, who was able to read and write, arrived in the United States aboard the Celtic on 2nd April 1905. He was not previously in the U. S. His sister paid his passage and he himself had $20. His sister also paid the passage for another sister Delia Head , aged twenty, who travelled on the same ship. She also had $20. They were both going to their sister Margaret Head, 16 Harwood Place, Brooklyn, New York. The Killimore school register listed a Michael Head of Cloncona who started school on 14th May 1888 aged six years. This would mean he was born in 1882, but according to the ship manifest Michael Head was born in 1884, which would mean a difference of two years. At that time ages were not recorded very accurately, so it cannot be established if this was one and the same person.

The ship Celtic figures again in 1911 when Mary Head and Julia Monahan boarded in Queenstown and arrived in New York on 22nd September 1911.

Mary Head , according to the ship manifest, was a twenty nine year old servant, whose father Michael Head resided at Lurgan, Killimore, Ballinasloe. Mary herself paid her passage and had $25 pocket money. She intended to join her cousin, Patrick Head, 22 Sutton Place, New York. Mary had brown hair, brown eyes, a dark complexion and was 5 feet 2½ inches in height.

Julia Monahan’s nearest relative in Ireland was her father, Patk. Monahan, Lurgan, Killimore, Ballinasloe. She was a twenty three year old servant who was able to read and write. She paid her own fare and had $25 on her person. She had no particular marks of identification, was 5 feet and 3 inches tall, of light complexion, with brown hair and blue eyes. Julia was going to Mrs. John Monahan, 106W 136 Street, New York.

A Mary Head was on the passenger list of the ship Cedric which arrived in New York on 2nd October 1914. Some details on the ship manifest suggested that she was the same person who travelled on the Celtic in 1911. She was previously in the United States, paid her own passage and this time she had $38 of her own. She was going to the same cousin at the same address. Some anomalies are apparent. Her nearest relative was now given as Mrs. Head, Lurganmore, Killimore, her height as 5 feet 2 inches and her complexion as pale. There was also an age difference; she was twenty nine years in 1911 and thirty four years in 1914.

Included in the Killimore school female register was Mary Head from Lurgan, who started school on 2nd May 1887, aged seven years. This meant she was born in 1880 and this age tallied with the age given on the ship manifest of the Cedric.

Michael Rocke travelled to New York with Mary Head on the Cedric . He paid his own passage and had $45 in his possession. Michael was described as having a fair complexion, brown hair and blue eyes and was 5 feet 10 inches tall. He was a twenty two year old labourer who could read and write. His place of birth was given as Ballinasloe. His nearest relative in Ireland was his mother, Mrs. Rocke, Lurganmore, Killimore, Co. Galway. He was now going to his cousin Mary Head who resided at 22 Sutton Place, New York.

Five Killimore women, namely Mary Flannery, Kate Glenn, Alice Glynn, Mary Good and Nora Hanrahan sailed from Queenstown on the ship Teutonic . The ship docked in the port of New York on 20th September 1901.

Mary Flannery’s story has already been documented at the beginning of these profiles.

Kate Glenn , a twenty four year old servant girl, was never before in the United States. She hoped to join her brother Dan Glenn, who resided at 109E 57 Street, New York. Her sister paid her fare and she had $15 of her own.

Alice Glynn , a twenty six year old housemaid, paid her own passage to her final destination New York, and had $10 pocket money. She was a United States resident and was going to 109E 37 Street, New York.

Mary Good , unlike Alice Glynn, was not previously in the United States. She was now bound for New York to join her sister, Katie Good, who lived at 16E 120 Street, New York. Her sister paid her passage and Mary herself had what seemed like $45 pocket money, which seemed a substantial amount for those years. According to the ship manifest she was a twenty five year old farmer’s daughter whose last residence was given as Killimore.

The fifth lady from Killimore was Nora Hanrahan . The ship manifest indicated that she was a twenty seven year old servant girl who could read and write. She had already spent time in New York during 1901. She carried $30 and her sister paid her passage. She was going to her brother Patrick’s home at 172E 3rd Avenue, New York. An additional address for Nora was given on the ship manifest. This was 50E 79 Street but the significance of this second address could not be ascertained.

Margaret and Timothy Hearne , boarded the ship Majestic (1890) in Queenstown and arrived in New York on 8th June 1898.

Margaret , who was a United States citizen for five years, paid her own passage. She was a twenty six year old servant girl and was rejoining her sister, Mrs. Duane, 186E 98 Street, New York.

Timothy , her brother, was a twenty one year old labourer going to the United States for the first time. He had $30 in his possession and his fare was paid by his brother. He too was going to Mrs. Duane. School records showed that Timothy Hearne, of Cloncona, started school on 28th April 1884, aged seven years, which meant he was born in 1877. This corresponds exactly with the ship manifest which gave his age as twenty one in 1898.

Andrew Kelly boarded the Umbria in Queenstown and landed in New York on 18th March 1906. He was a twenty year old single labourer who could read and write. He paid his own fare to New York and had $50 pocket money. This was his first time in the United States and his nearest relative there was his sister, Nora Kelly, 804 5th Avenue, New York. The ship manifest named his last residence as being Killimore and stated that Andrew was in good health.

Peter Kelly , according to the ship manifest, gave his last place of residence as Killimore but his place of birth as Kiltormer, Co. Galway. He arrived at his final destination, New York, on the ship Majestic which docked on 29th April 1909. He paid his own passage and had $10 in his pocket. He was a thirty two year old labourer going to his sister, Mrs. Stanton, 930 Columbus Avenue, 106th Street, New York. He was of fair complexion, had dark hair, grey eyes and was 5 feet 8 inches tall. His nearest relative in Ireland was his brother, Thomas Kelly, who lived in Kiltormer.

Katherine and Mary Kelly both sailed for the United States on the ship Celtic which arrived in the port of New York on 2nd April 1905. No information on these girls could be located as the ship manifest did not correspond with the passenger record. All that is known is that Katherine was twenty one years of age and Mary was sixteen, and both were from Killimore.

A twenty two year old labourer named Patrick Keary arrived in the port of New York on board the Cedric on 3rd May 1913. His passage was paid by his brother and he had $10 of his own. He was not before in the United States and was now meeting with his brother, John Keary, who lived at 135 East, Cottage Street, Dorchester, Mass. The ship manifest gave his place of birth as Killimore and described his features as follows: 5 feet 11 inches tall with a dark complexion, black hair and brown eyes. He was in good mental and physical health. His nearest relative in Ireland was his father, Thomas Keary, Kylemore, Killimore. A Patrick Keary of Kylemore started school on the 27th May 1895 at five years of age which would indicate he was born in 1890. According to the ship manifest Patrick’s year of birth was 1891.

Bridget J. Kilkenny , of Killimore, boarded the Teutonic in Queenstown and arrived in New York on 7th April 1904. She was a nineteen year old servant who was able to read and write.

The ship manifest gave her last residence as Galway and her final destination as New York. She had $5 on her person and her passage was paid for by her sister. Bridget was not previously in the United States but her sister Mary lived at 50 West, 87th Street, New York. Her nearest relative in Ireland was not mentioned on the ship manifest.

Peter Larkin’s passage to the United States was paid for by Thomas Larkin. Peter was a nineteen year old farmer who sailed on the Cedric which anchored in New York on 18th March 1904. He could read and write and was never before in the United States but his sister, Mrs. W. Walter, lived at 596 East, 134 Street, New York. According to the ship manifest he had $20 of his own and was in good health. A Peter Larkin was mentioned on the Killimore school register. He started school on 9th May 1892, aged five years, which meant his year of birth was 1887. The ship manifest stated he was nineteen years in 1904 indicating that the year of birth was 1885. Since there is a difference of two years it is not definite if this is one and the same person. Peter’s home address was recorded as Killimore and his parents’ occupation was given as “herd” in the school register.

Bridget Larkin , a thirty five year old lady, sailed from Queenstown on the ship Oceanic . This ship arrived in New York on 5th April 1905. Similar to Katherine and Mary Kelly who sailed on the Celtic in 1905, the ship manifest of the Oceanic could not be located. However a Bridget Larkin was recorded on the Killimore school register as starting school on the 13th February 1875, aged six years. Judging from this information she was born in 1869, whereas the ship passenger list gave her age in 1905 as thirty five years, indicating a one year difference between the two records.

Information on John Lyons of Killimore is scant. He was a twenty seven year old labourer who boarded the Teutonic in Liverpool and disembarked in New York on 1st May 1895. His final destination was New York where he intended to remain permanently. According to the ship manifest he carried two pieces of baggage and his last residence in Ireland was given as Killimore.

Richard J. Matthews left Killimore at seventeen years of age, to travel to New York. He paid his passage himself and sailed on the Adriatic which arrived in the port of New York on 27th April 1912. According to the ship manifest he was in good health, was 5 feet and 6 inches tall with a fair complexion, black hair and blue eyes. He was a carpenter who was able to read and write. His nearest relative in Ireland was John Matthews, Killimore, Ballinasloe, and Richard was now going to his cousin Cath. Pelly, 15E 60 Street, New York.

The story was told in his family that originally he was to sail on the ill-fated Titanic but circumstances prevented this. Unfortunately his friend from Tynagh, with whom he was to travel, drowned. It stated on the Killimore School male register that Richard started school on 29th March 1897 aged three years. That leaves a one year difference in his age, between that recorded in the school register and that on the ship manifest. After his travels, Richard J. or Joe as he was known locally, worked as a fitter in the Irish Army. While there he became the driver for General Seán MacEoin who was Chief of Staff at the time. He went to work in Ardnacrusha before returning to Killimor in 1939, where he settled down and married.

The Oceanic docked in the port of New York on 16th October 1907. Among the many passengers was John McGann of Killimore who was going to his sister Mary Ann, who lived at 144 4th Street, New York. His father, Thomas McGann, lived at Killimore, Ballinasloe. John was a twenty one year old labourer who could read and write. He had a fair complexion, fair hair, blue eyes and was quite tall being 5 feet 8 inches in height. According to the Killimore male school records, John McGann from Killeen started school on 25th April 1892 at four years of age. This indicated that he was born in 1888, whereas, according to the ship manifest his year of birth was 1886, denoting a difference of two years.

Bridget Monaghan was, according to the ship manifest, a United States resident and suffered from anaemia. She journeyed to New York on the ship Oceanic which arrived on 6th June 1900. Bridget was a thirty eight year old servant girl, able to read and write, and was now going to Yonkers. Her last residence in Ireland was in Killimore.

Michael Monahan , whose father was Patrick Monahan, Derrew, Killimore, was a twenty one year old farm labourer who was able to read and write. He sailed from Queenstown on the ship Cedric and arrived in New York on 18th April 1914. His health was good; he was 5 feet 11 inches tall with a fair complexion, fair hair and blue eyes. He was now going to his sister Julia Monahan of 131G 26th Street, New York. He paid his passage himself and had $20 pocket money. The school register documented a Michael Monahan from Eskerboy who came to school in Killimore on 5th April 1897, aged six years. According to that information he was born in 1891 but according to the ship manifest he was born in 1893, leaving a discrepancy of two years. It is open to question if this is one and the same person.

Two Moran ladies emigrated from Killimore towards the end of the 19th century. Sarah and Annie Moran arrived in the port of New York on board the Teutonic on 13th May 1896. Annie was a fifty five year old housekeeper bound for New York, where she intended to stay permanently. She carried two pieces of baggage.

Sarah Moran , aged twenty one, and described on the ship manifest as a servant girl, carried just one piece of luggage. It was not clear from the records what the relationship was between these two people.

Ten years later, on another of its numerous transatlantic crossings, the Teutonic docked in the port of New York on 26th April 1906. This time Bridget Moran from Killimore, an eighteen year old servant girl, was on board. Her final destination was Roxbury, Mass. where her sister, Kate Moran, lived at 180 Hillside Street. Bridget had $50 of her own and her sister paid her fare. She was able to read and write, was in good health and this was her first time in the United States. Bridget Moran’s year of birth, 1888, as given on the ship manifest corresponds exactly with that of a Bridget Moran from Spaw as witnessed in the Killimore school female register. Bridget started school on 18th June 1893 at five years of age.

Two McGuire girls emigrated from Killimore, both bound for New Jersey but to different addresses there.

Bridget McGuire was an eighteen year old servant who could read and write. She disembarked from the Luciana on 27th May 1899. She was on her way to her sister Mary McGuire, 14 Kerongton Avenue, Jersey. Bridget had $10 of her own but her passage was paid for by her sister.

Sarah McGuire was twenty years old when she boarded the Umbria at Queenstown. The ship arrived in New York on 13th May 1906. Sarah had $2.50 and her sister Kate McGuire of 725 Bergin Avenue, Jersey, paid her passage. The ship manifest described her as a servant girl, who was not previously in the United States.

A Bridget and a Sarah McGuire, both from Lisdeligna, were documented in the Killimore school register. Bridget started school on 19th May 1890 aged seven years, indicating her year of birth as 1883. However, according to data on the ship manifest she was born in 1881.

Sarah was aged six when she started school on 8th June 1893. That would mean she was born in 1887 leaving a difference of one year in her age, from that given on the ship passenger list.

Killimore male school records indicated that three Muldoon brothers transferred from Duniry School to Killimore School on 19th February 1894. Two of the three were named Patrick and James. A Patrick Muldoon and a James Muldoon emigrated to the United States in 1907 but on different dates.

Patrick Muldoon embarked on the Umbria at Liverpool and arrived in New York on 30th June 1907. Patrick was a twenty year old farmer who was able to read and write. He was not previously in the United States and was now going to his uncle, Martin Mooney, Highfield Park, New York. His passage was paid by his brother and he had $10 pocket money. His complexion and hair were fair and his eyes grey. He was 5 feet 9 inches tall and was in good health. School records indicated that a Patrick J. Muldoon came to school in Killimore on 19th February 1894 aged six years, implying that he was born in 1888, but according to the data on the ship manifest, he was born in 1887, denoting a difference of one year. This particular Patrick Muldoon may have been one of the three brothers who transferred from Duniry School.

On board the Caronia , which arrived in New York on 18th September 1907, was twenty seven year old James Muldoon . He was going to his brother Joseph Muldoon of 102W 106th Street, New York. He had $10 in his possession and was able to pay his own passage to New York. He was a mason who enjoyed good health, he was 5 feet 6 inches tall, had a fair complexion, fair hair and blue eyes. He had a brother in Killimore who was named on the ship manifest as Thomas Muldoon. Similar to Patrick, James also transferred from Duniry School on 19th February 1894 at age thirteen. School records indicated he was born in 1881 but the ship manifest indicated his year of birth as 1882, again leaving a difference of one year. It cannot be stated for certain that they were brothers.

Patrick Murphy , who was not previously in the United States, disembarked from the Oceanic on 17th April 1901, having boarded in Queenstown. He was an eighteen year old farmer who was able to read and write. He had $25 in his pocket and his passage was paid by his cousin who was not named but was living at 41 Garden or Gasden E, Kingston, New York. His nearest relative in Ireland was not documented but, according to the ship manifest, his last residence was in Killimore.

Patrick Nevin sailed on the Baltic and arrived in New York on 30th September 1904. He was a twenty eight year old farmer/painter who was previously in New York between 1897 and 1902. His last residence was given as Killimore and his sister, Mrs. Judge, lived at 224 Riverdale Avenue, Yonkers, New York. He was able to pay his own passage and had $40 pocket money.

Sarah Neville emigrated on the Majestic (1890) and arrived in the port of New York on 29th May 1902. Very little information was available about Sarah as the ship manifest was not displayed. The passenger record described her as a twenty year old girl whose last residence was in Killimore.

James O’Hara , a twenty year old labourer from Killimore, arrived in New York on board the Oceanic on 12th October 1904. His passage to New York was paid by his brother and he had $5. He was not previously in the United States and was now going to his sister Mrs. Gilchrist and brother (not named) at 168E 102 2nd Street, New York.

Killimore school records contained the name James Hara five times. The person nearest in age to James O’Hara was a James Hara, Neal, who began his schooling on 13th July 1891 aged six years. According to this date he was born in 1885, whereas the ship records indicated James O’Hara’s year of birth as 1884.

Patrick Quinn’s final destination was Chicago where his friend, James Larkin, lived at 115 North Evers Avenue, Chicago, Ills. He travelled on the Ivernia which arrived in New York on 16th February 1904. Patrick was a twenty five year old farmer who was able to read and write and was not previously in the United States. He had $10 in his possession and paid his own passage. He was in good health and had no particular marks of identification.

Killimore school records corresponded with the ship manifest regarding Patrick’s age. He was from Cloonacusha and started school on 30th March 1883 at four years of age, therefore he was born in 1879.

Hugh Reilly , aged thirty, sailed on the Germanic and arrived in New York on 14th September 1900. He was going to his brother Patrick, 320E 54th Street, New York. He was a labourer from Killimore who was not previously in the United States. He was able to pay his own passage and had $10 pocket money.

Among the passengers on the Oceanic which sailed from Queenstown and arrived in New York on 15th October 1902, were Margaret Reilly and Kate Maguire.

Margaret , who was previously in the United States, was going to rejoin her sister Mrs. Foley, Bayside, Long Island, New York. She was a thirty eight year old housemaid who could read and write. She paid her own passage and had $10 on her person.

Kate Maguire , aged nineteen years and from Killimore, was also a housemaid who was not previously in the United States. She too paid her own passage and like Margaret, had $10 of her own. Kate was going to her grandmother Mrs. J. Colohan, 603 Amsterdam Avenue, New York. According to the ship manifest both Margaret and Kate were in good mental and physical condition. In cross referencing, Killimore school female register recorded a Kate McGuire from Lisdeligna. This girl started school on 19th October 1893, at ten years of age, indicating she was born in 1883. This year of birth corresponds with that given for Kate Maguire who travelled on the Oceanic .

John Shiel , whose final destination was Yonkers, embarked on the Cymric in Queenstown and landed in New York on 4th June 1900. He was a twenty two year old shoemaker whose last residence was in Killimore, and he was not before in the United States. His aunt, Mrs. Reynolds, lived at 20 St. Mary’s Street, Yonkers, New York.

According to the ship manifest John was born in 1878 but Killimore male school register indicated that a John Shiel, of Trean, began his schooling on 5th August 1884, aged seven years, denoting his year of birth as 1877.

Two Killimore people set sail from Queenstown on the ship Baltic and arrived in the port of New York on 28th October 1904. They were Agnes Shiel aged twenty three years, and Thomas Moylan aged twenty four. Agnes was a servant who could read and write and had already been in New York during 1904. She was now returning to her brother Joe Shiel, 90 Maple Street, Yonkers, New York. She had $30 in her pocket and paid her own passage.

Thomas, unlike Agnes was never in the United States, but was now going to Mary’s brother Joe Shiel. He too paid his own passage and had $50 pocket money. It is not evident what the relationship was, if any, between these two people.

Annie Sanders and Mgt. A Madden travelled together on the Oceanic . They disembarked in the port of New York on 9th November 1899. Neither girl was previously in the United States.

Annie was a twenty one year old servant who could read and write. Her fare to her final destination New York, was paid by her sister and Annie had $10 pocket money. The ship manifest gave her last place of residence as Killimore and she was now going to her brother John in Wakefield, New York.

The name Annie Saunders was on Killimore school register, indicating that she started school in October 1880 aged four years. This would mean she was born in 1876, a difference of two years from the age given on the ship manifest for Annie Sanders. Because of the discrepancies in the spelling of the name, and in the year of birth, it cannot be ascertained positively if this is one and the same person.

Margaret A. Madden, aged twenty six years, had $5 pocket money and her aunt paid her passage. She was a servant girl from Killimore on her way to her aunt, Mrs. Gibney (again because of the quality of the original document this name was difficult to decipher) who lived at 503E 17th Street, New York.

John Saunders apparently was a United States citizen returning to the United States on the Teutonic , which docked in the port of New York on 25th April 1901. He paid his own passage to his final destination New York. On the ship manifest under the heading “Nationality” was written CIT. DISCH. ON PIER. Does this imply that he had not to undergo the usual scrutiny on Ellis Island?

Patrick Saunders , who was previously in New York from 1903 to 1910, sailed on the Lusitania , which docked in New York on 13th October 1911. He had $50 in his pocket and paid his own passage. He was a thirty year old single labourer who was able to read and write and gave his place of birth as Killimore. Patrick was in good health, was 5 feet 9 inches tall with a fair complexion, brown hair and blue eyes. Apparently he was returning to join his cousin Mary (whose surname was illegible) but who lived at 239E 50 Street, New York. His mother, Bridget Saunders, lived in a townland in Killimor but unfortunately the name of the townland is also illegible.

Three people with the surname Spring emigrated from Killimore.

The first was Maria Spring , a fifty year old housekeeper, who sailed on the Cedric which arrived in the port of New York on 9th October 1904. She was never before in the United States. Her brother paid her passage and she had $6 in her possession. She was joining her son, named James Boland, who resided at Laurel Street, (next word cannot be deciphered) Cleveland, Ohio. According to the doctor’s report on the ship manifest Maria suffered from senility.

Patrick Spring , a twenty one year old butler from Killimore, embarked on the Adriatic in Queenstown and arrived in the port of New York on 13th June 1907. He was joining his step-brother John Boland, Box 366 Sharpeville, Pa. His brother paid his passage and he had $50 of his own. Patrick was 5 feet 11 inches tall, had a fair complexion, fair hair and grey eyes.

Mary O’Brien , whose place of birth was given as Killimore, travelled on the same ship as Patrick Spring. Mary was fifty years of age, 4 feet 6 inches tall with a dark complexion, dark hair and grey eyes. This was her first time in the United States. She had $15 in her pocket and her husband, Thomas O’Brien, East Bridge, New Jersey, paid her passage.

The third emigrant with the surname Spring was Margt. Ellen . She arrived in the port of New York on the ship Caronia on 30th June 1909. Her ticket to her final destination was paid by her brother Patrick Spring, 1570E 38th Street, New York. She had $10 pocket money. Margaret Ellen was twenty three years old, with a fair complexion, brown hair, blue eyes and was 5 feet in height. Her nearest relative in Ireland was Wm. Spring, Neil, Killimore.

According to the school register, Maggie Ellen Spring from Neale started school on 21st September 1891 aged five years. Her year of birth 1886 corresponded exactly with that given on the ship manifest.

Thomas Star of Ballinahiskeragh travelled to America on the Oceanic . This ship arrived in the port of New York on 28th August 1912. Passenger records stated that Thomas was a twenty year old single man but further information about him proved impossible to read on the ship manifest. His grand-nephew, Michael Starr, originally from Ballinahiskeragh and now living in Ramore, said that Thomas later joined the U. S. army and was killed in action.

Two sisters, Bridget Treacy and Agnes Treacy from Killimore, boarded the ship Cedric and arrived in New York on 15th April 1907.

Bridget, the older of the two, was a nineteen year old servant who was able to read and write. She was 5 feet tall with brown hair, blue eyes and a fair complexion. Both girls were going to their brother John Treacy, who resided at 425 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, and who paid their passage. Each girl had $10 in her possession.

Agnes, who was only fourteen, was the taller of the two being 5 feet 1 inch in height with dark hair, blue eyes and a fair complexion.

Agnes White boarded the Cedric at Queenstown which arrived in the port of New York on 5th September 1903. She was an eighteen year old servant, able to read and write and whose last residence was given as Killimore. Her passage to her final destination in New York was paid by her sister and Agnes herself had $20. Her sister Mary White resided at Waldorf Astoria, 34 Street, 5thAvenue, New York. According to the ship manifest Agnes was in good health. Agnes White, according to the Killimore female school register, started school on 18th November 1891 indicating her year of birth as 1885. This corresponded exactly with her age as given on the ship manifest of the Cedric . Agnes was from Kylemore and the occupation of her parents was given on the school records as farmers.

How to Pyramid Like Jesse Livermore – The Boy Plunger Extraordinaire.

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In the classic trading book, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, Jesse Livermore spoke a little bit about a professional gambler called Pat Hearne. Pat would treat the markets like a casino game (such as roulette, faro or blackjack) and his strategy was to make a series of calculated bets, always looking for small, sure wins.

When it came to selling, Pat would close the trade whenever the stock dropped back by just one per cent. Pat didn’t like to take chances and a decline of 1 point was all it took to get Pat out of the market and onto the next opportunity.

This was a sensible approach to trading that also had a big influence on Jesse Livermore. Jesse admired his professional approach to risk and also the candid words of wisdom that the gambler had for other traders:

“Pat Hearne made money in stocks, and that made people ask him for advice. He would never give any. If they asked him point-blank for his opinion about the wisdom of their commitments he used a favourite race-track maxim of his: ‘You can’t tell till you bet’.” — From Reminiscences of a Stock Operator.

You don’t know until you bet.

Like Pat Hearne, Jessie realised that you can’t judge a market until you are in it. This is why Jesse would buy a little bit of the market first, to test the water. If the trade felt good, and the stock moved as he liked, he would add a little bit more, gradually building up a bigger and bigger line.

This is how you pyramid into the big trends and make the most amount of money. Price follows the line of least resistance so you simply go with the flow and keep building your position. If you pyramid smartly enough, you truly can make a significant amount of money in just a short time. Just like a colleague of mine did in the oil market.

Of course, pyramiding into a winning position and starting off small is the opposite to what most traders do. Most traders accumulate more shares on the way down, when they’re actually losing money.

They see that their trade is losing money, but they believe that the market is actually becoming cheaper and more attractive. They still believe that they’re right, so they buy more and try and reduce their cost base. This causes them to ‘average losses’ and they end up building a huge losing position that often ends up causing considerable pain.

The market is sending out a signal. It’s saying that it’s not ready to go in that direction, and you can’t force it. But by ignoring the market, and by adding to a losing position, you are fighting the trend and usually causing an imbalance in your risk management rules.

Pyramiding Like Jesse Livermore, the Boy Plunger.

It’s much better to wait for the market to tell you where it wants to go.

Jesse would always accumulate his position on the way up, often trading at brand new highs. He’d start by buying one-fifth of his full line.

If the market did nothing, then he’d wait. If it showed him a loss he’d get out. If it started to go up, he’d assume that he was trading in the right direction and then he’d add another contract. If it went up again, he’d add a bit more, and a bit more, and a bit more, and so on, slowly building up his full position.

This way you bet big only when you win, and when you lose, you only lose a small exploratory bet. Once the real move starts, and the big trend really starts to kick in you can make the large profits extremely quickly and easily.

“What I have told you gives you the essence of my trading system as based on studying the tape. I merely learn the way prices are most probably going to move. I check up my own trading by additional tests, to determine the psychological moment. I do that by watching the way the price acts after I begin” — From Reminiscences of a Stock Operator.

Another approach to pyramiding.

As mentioned above, Jesse Livermore liked to start off with his smallest position. This is just one effective way for you to approach pyramiding. Dip your toe into the water and see if it’s warm or cold. If the water is warm and your trade is looking healthy you can think about adding another contract or two.

Another option, which is not necessarily how Jesse used to trade, is to put a big position on first of all, in order to build a sturdy base for the eventual pyramid.

Then, you add smaller and smaller increments on the way up. This way your position size actually looks more reflective of the classic pyramid shape.

As an example, let’s say you buy $1000 worth of stock when it breaks out past $10 a share. When it moves up to $11, you can buy another $500 worth, then when it moves to $12, you can buy another $250 worth, and when it moves to $13, you can buy another $125 worth. Or, in other words, you buy 100 shares at $10, 50 shares at $11, 25 shares at $12 and so on.

By doing it this way, the position does not become too top heavy. The break-even price is lower than it would be if you’d have bought equal amounts on the way up. This means that you can afford slightly more time when it comes to getting out of a trade.

This might be important. Because, when you pyramid into a position, the trade can become large. And you will want to exit as soon as the trend changes in order to protect your profits. Becoming tied to a pyramid trade is a very dangerous position to be in. But of course, you should know by now to never fall in love with a trade right?

This post is a small excerpt from a new series I am developing that is devoted to the master trader himself, Jesse Livermore.

What are your own thoughts on pyramiding? Do you use it in your own trading? Do you ever take a small position first to test the water?

Please leave your comments and thoughts below, and share this post if you found it useful. 🙂

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6 opiniões.

The question is if it is possible to automate piramiding in AmiBroker. If yes it can be very interesting system to check 🙂

Yes it can be done absolutely, using the scale-in function. Another project to add to the list. Cheers Jan.

September 6, 2015.

Por exemplo. with scaling in:

PositionSize= -25; // each buy is allocated 25% of available equity.

September 6, 2015.

Good stuff Jan, have you had much success with scaling in?

17 de janeiro de 2018.

Where should we write our program to automate things in AmiBroker and which language should it be in?

Desde já, obrigado.

17 de janeiro de 2018.

You can automate in Amibroker with ordinary AFL. There are many other options too such as Tradestation, NinjaTrader, Multicharts etc.

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JB Marwood.

Negociante, analista e escritor independente.

JB Marwood é um trader e escritor independente especializado em sistemas mecânicos de negociação. Ele iniciou sua carreira comercializando o FTSE 100 e o Bund alemão para uma trading em Londres e agora trabalha em sua própria empresa. Ele também escreve para Seeking Alpha e outras publicações financeiras. Google+

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25 Jesse Livermore Trading Rules : Ultimate Guide To The Boy Plunger.

November 18, 2015 by JB Marwood.

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In this post I take a look at one of the greatest traders of all time, Jesse Livermore. Jesse was famously profiled in the classic investing tome Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, a book that has been called the best trading book every written.

This is a long piece, clocking in at around 9,000 words and it covers all of Jesse’s most important trading lessons. The quotes are taken directly from the original book by Edwin Lefèvre.

Introduction to Jesse Livermore.

Jesse Livermore was born in Massachusetts, in 1877. By the age of fifteen he went to work in Paine Webber’s Boston brokerage office where his job was to post the stock and commodities prices on the chalk board.

He studied the price movements of the stocks on the ticker boards and before long began to trade on their fluctuations.

When Jesse was in his twenties he moved to New York City to speculate in the stock and commodities market full time.

Over a time period of forty years of trading, Jesse developed an incredible skill for speculation and is said to have accumulated and lost millions of dollars several times over.

At the peak of his fortune, in 1929, Jesse was said to be worth around $100 million. It’s not easy to estimate but in today’s money, that would be worth somewhere between $1-14 billion.

But Jesse didn’t earn that money trading other people’s funds. He was a completely self-made man, trading with his own money and the type of returns he managed to make are unthinkable in today’s markets.

Jesse earned the nicknames of Boy Wonder, Boy plunger, and the Great Bear of Wall Street, and his story is one of the most fascinating ever told on Wall Street.

In 1923, a financial journalist named Edwin Lefevre interviewed Jesse and published a book on the trader’s life called Reminiscences of a Stock Operator.

To this day, the book remains a Wall Street classic and sits on the desk of many of the best traders in the world. The book is regarded as an essential read by such well known financiers as Ed Seykota, Paul Tudor Jones, and even former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan.

Over the course of this guide we will look at Jesse’s best trading rules (as detailed in the famous book) and we will get right to the heart and strategy of the master trader.

1. Nothing new ever occurs in the business of speculating or investing in securities and commodities.

“Another lesson I learned early is that there is nothing new in Wall Street. There can’t be because speculation is as old as the hills. Aconteça o que acontecer no mercado de ações hoje aconteceu antes e vai acontecer novamente. I’ve never forgotten that.”

What Jesse means is that the same market moves and patterns occur over and over again. Markets are run by people, which means the same patterns will always occur. Throughout history we have seen the same speculative bubbles and market crashes time and time again. From the South Sea Bubble, to Tulip Mania, to the depression, to the 2008 credit crisis.

These crashes and bubbles are just an inevitable feature of the markets.

Sure, computers and algorithms play a much bigger part now but always remember that computer algorithms are built by humans in the first place. And often, when a major market event takes place, the computer programs are programmed to turn themselves off.

Jesse Livermore lived through the Great Depression and saw some of the most difficult trading conditions ever seen. Still, he was able to create massive fortunes trading volatility and trends.

Even if no day is ever the same, Jesse knew that markets and market patterns repeat themselves and investors act out the same behaviours year in year out. By recognising this, you can be start to believe in your ability to learn and adapt to the swings of the market.

2. Price moves along the line of least resistance.

“You watch the market — that is, the course of prices as recorded by the tape with one object: to determine the direction. Prices, we know, will move either up or down according to the resistance they encounter. For purposes of easy explanation we will say that prices, like everything else, move along the line of least resistance. They will do whatever comes easiest, therefore they will go up if there is less resistance to an advance than to a decline; and vice versa.”

This is probably the most important rule for any trader to learn. Because it really simplifies the entire trading process. It says, don’t think about the market too deeply, don’t over think things. The market will go where it wants to go and your best bet is to try and go with it.

Trading a security is always a battle between the bulls and the bears, so it doesn’t matter what you think about the market, if there aren’t enough buyers the market will go down and if there aren’t enough sellers the market is going to go up.

That’s how simple it really is.

Livermore’s talent was to watch the market for long enough until he had a feel for where the market would go next. He tried to get a feel for where the support was and where the resistance was. Or in other words where most of the buyers were and where the sellers were. If there were fewer buyers than sellers he’d look to go short, and if he thought there were more buyers he’d look to buy.

A good way to visualise this concept is to take a look at a short-term chart, like a 10, 30, or 60 minute. So take this chart of the euro dollar currency pair for example which is a 60 minute chart:

You can see how the price is constantly moving around. Buyers and sellers continuously fighting over control. Then at some point, one side will take over, and you’ll see the price shoot in one direction. In this case down, as euro sellers overpower the euro buyers.

In stocks, you can see the volume bar too, so when the buyers overpower the sellers the market shoots up and the volume bar is coloured green.

Stops get hit, traders revers positions and all of a sudden you see huge momentum. Traders will then latch on to this momentum and the trend will continue even further, meanwhile traders on the wrong side of the best will cut their losses, again exaggerating the trend further.

The market finds support and it goes up, it finds resistance and it goes down. It’s this constant meandering that takes place all the time in the markets.

The price takes the path of least resistance always.

3. Don’t try to catch all the fluctuations: This is a bull market.

“I think it was a long step forward in my trading education when I realized at last that when old Mr. Partridge kept on telling other customers, “Well, you know this is a bull market!” he really meant to tell them that the big money was not in the individual fluctuations but in the main movements that is, not in reading the tape but in sizing up the entire market and its trend.”

In reminiscences of a stock operator Jesse Livermore spoke of an old and wise trader in the office called Mr Partridge, who they also called Old Turkey.

Old Turkey never traded off tips and he never handed out tips, but the other traders would often go to him to ask him on advice of what to do. But his reply would always be the same : This is a bull market, or, this is a bear market.

In other words, you have to always trade with the prevailing trend. You can’t try and catch all the fluctuations. If you do, you’ll go broke.

Here’s a monthly chart of the S&P 500:

You can see that the clear trend is up. This is still a bull market.

But you get so many traders trying to pick all the tops and bottoms. They want to sell here, buy here, sell here, buy here. Trying to buy into all of the dips and sell the tops.

But no-one alive can time the market like that, and if you try you just end up spending more and more on commissions and trading costs.

A solução é simples. If this is a bull market you should be long, if this is a bear market you should be short.

And as Mr Partridge used to say, once you sell your trade you lose your position. If you want to be long and you are long, never sell your position in order to buy it back on a reaction.

4. You don’t have to trade.

“After spending many years in Wall Street and after making and losing millions of dollars I want to tell you this: It never was my thinking that made the big money for me. Sempre foi meu lugar. Percebido? My sitting tight!”

“Men who can both be right and sit tight are uncommon. Eu achei uma das coisas mais difíceis de aprender. But it is only after a stock operator has firmly grasped this that he can make big money.”

O dinheiro não pode consistentemente ser negociado todos os dias ou todas as semanas durante o ano. So if you have losing periods, never feel too bad, because they will always come.

If you’ve got a winning trade, the best decision is often to do absolutely nothing and just sit tight.

As long as the stock is acting right, and the market is right, do not be in a hurry to take profits. That’s another direct quote by the way. Most of the time, you’ll make way more money just sitting tight and waiting for the trade to develop.

So never feel like you have to make a trade and never search for action in the market. Rather, let the opportunities come to you, so that when they are presented, the opportunity is so good you simply have to make the trade.

You can see this clearly in the chart. This one is for gold. There are plenty of days when an opportunity just doesn’t present itself.

Maybe it’s a public holiday or maybe there just isn’t any news on the calendar. You’ve got these tiny trading ranges, these small bars where there just isn’t enough price movement to make a profit.

When you trade these quiet days, it can be really frustrating because you’ll end up buying a breakout, selling a breakout but just getting chopped up.

So on days like these, when you think it’s going to be a quiet day in terms of trading, maybe there isn’t anything on the calendar, or maybe Europe is on holiday, then you want to really scale back your profit targets. Or even take the day off completely. Again, you’re going to save yourself money in the long run if you just wait for the opportunities to present themselves to you not the other way around.

5. Good trades move into profit quickly.

“Experience has proved to me that real money made in speculating has been in commitments in a stock or commodity showing a profit right from the start.”

For trend traders, unlike contrarian investors or mean reversion traders, the best trades often move very swiftly into profit. There’s a good reason for that, because you’re often buying into strength or selling into weakness. You’re often trading right after the point of least resistance so you’ll likely going to see that momentum continue for a period.

And you can see this, too, in countless charts, like this one for WTI crude oil. This is a weekly chart:

And you can see that once price breaks through an important level it will just go and go and go. If you were short when the key $90 level broke your position would have moved more or less straight into profit and it would have just kept moving down and down.

The best trades will often move straight into profit. So if you do trade a breakout and it pulls back, and you find that you’re waiting around, then that’s probably the first sign that you might have to cut your losses.

6: Practice makes perfect.

“It is literally true that millions come easier to a trader after he knows how to trade, than hundreds did in the days of his ignorance.”

The curious thing about trading is the old statistic that is always being mentioned about 95% of all traders losing money. And while there is truth to this statement it does not fully reflect the situation. Because, most of those 95% are not trading they are gambling. And if you set aside the minority of informed traders who are adequately capitalised and have learnt the discipline and skills needed to trade, then this statistic starts to change.

For these people (the informed traders) trading has become a craft and a way of life. When you reach this very high level, trading becomes not as difficult as people make out.

7. There is only one side to the stock market: the right side.

“It takes a man a long time to learn all the lessons of his mistakes. There is only one side to the stock market; and it is not the bull side or the bear side, but the right side”

Jesse Livermore knew a lot about mistakes because he made several. He was a self-made man trading his own money and building a fortune but he lost a lot of money too. So every lesson he learnt he learnt the hard way.

Which is why, all this talk of whether you are bullish or bearish, it doesn’t matter all that much. You have to listen to what the market is telling you. And the right side is the side that the market is moving in.

Many commentators will say we’re about to move into a bear market or we’re about to see a bull market, but those predictions are useless until we are actually in it.

Take an example. In 2011, the stock market had risen nearly 100% from it’s 2009 low. Yet you still had some commentators saying that we were still in a secular bear market, and that the rally was a pullback from the long-term downward trend. Even today, there are some investors who claim we are still in a secular bear market.

These guys have been saying for years that we are still in a bear market. They’ve probably been trading the wrong side all this time and they continue to trade on the wrong side even though the market keeps rallying.

It’s a simple rule to master, which is to follow the market, don’t try to predict it. Be on the right side of every trade you place, long or short.

8. Don’t trade too large or risk too much.

“If you can’t sleep at night because of your stock market position, then you have gone too far. If this is the case, then sell your position down to the sleeping level.”

In reminiscences of a stock operator Jesse Livermore recalls a conversation between two friends where one of them can’t sleep at night because he was carrying so much cotton.

He had a huge position in cotton futures, too big than he could handle and this was causing him undue stress and panic, so much so that he had trouble sleeping at night.

You see, the problem is, if you trade too heavily every little movement in the security gives you undue stress. Which it wouldn’t normally.

And of course this will also depend on how much capital you have and how much you’re willing to lose.

When you trade too heavily, you risk blowing up your account and losing all of your trading capital. And if you trade on margin, and without stop losses, you can end up losing even more than you have in your account.

So one key sign that you’re trading too heavy is that you have difficulty sleeping and you feel jittery when you have a trade on. Every movement is amplified and it becomes difficult to make the right decision.

That’s why it’s better to keep risk small so you can sleep easily at night. Ed Seykota likes to say that you should trade small enough that you won’t go broke but large enough to make it worthwhile.

Most traders recommend using just 1% or 2% of your trading capital when you place a trade. But it will depend on the type of strategy you trade. So spend some time with your strategy and work out the risk level that works for you.

9. Other investors may be irrational.

“He will risk half his fortune in the stock market with less reflection than he devotes to the selection of a medium-priced automobile.”

We have seen time and time again how investors have behaved in irrational ways and you only need to look at the various booms and busts to realise that the market is not efficient all of the time. You may even have observed this in your own trading. Maybe you sold a trade at precisely the wrong time, even though you knew it was the wrong thing to do. Or maybe you took your profits too early, even though your plan was to hold on for much more.

When investors are this irrational it is for the informed trader to take advantage. And one way to do that would be study the effects of behavioural finance, amongst other things.

10: You can’t tell till you bet.

“Pat Hearne made money in stocks, and that made people ask him for advice. He would never give any. If they asked him point-blank for his opinion about the wisdom of their commitments he used a favorite race-track maxim of his: “You can’t tell till you bet.”

In the book, Jesse Livermore spoke a bit about a professional gambler called Pat Hearne.

Pat would treat the markets like a roulette or blackjack game and make a series of calculated bets looking for small, sure wins. He would sell whenever the stock dropped back by just 1 cent.

This was a sensible approach to trading that also had a big influence on Jesse Livermore and his trading rules.

In essence, Jessie realised that you can’t judge a market until you are in it. This is why Jesse would buy a little bit of the market first of all to test the water. If the trade felt good, and the stock moved as he liked, he’d add a little bit more, gradually building up a bigger and bigger line.

This is how you make the most amount of money from the big trends. If price follows the line of least resistance you go with it and keep building.

Of course, this is the opposite to what most traders do. Most traders accumulate shares on the way down. They see that their trade is losing money, but they still believe that they’re right, so they buy more and try and reduce their cost base. This causes them to average in to losses and they end up building a huge losing position that causes considerable pain.

The market is saying that it’s not ready to go in that direction and you can’t force it.

It’s much better therefore, to wait for the market to tell you where it wants to go. Jesse would always accumulate his position on the way up, often trading at brand new highs.

He’d start by buying one-fifth of his full line. If the market did nothing, then he’d wait. If it showed him a loss he’d get out and if it started to go up, he’d assume that he was trading in the right direction and he’d add another contract. If it went up again, he’d add a bit more and a bit more again and so on, slowly building up his full position.

“What I have told you gives you the essence of my trading system as based on studying the tape. I merely learn the way prices are most probably going to move. I check up my own trading by additional tests, to determine the psychological moment. I do that by watching the way the price acts after I begin”

This way you bet big only when you win, and when you lose, you only lose a small exploratory bet. Once the real move starts, and the big trend kicks in you can make the large profits extremely quickly and easily.

11. In a bear market all stocks go down and in a bull market they go up.

“I never hesitate to tell a man that I am bullish or bearish. But I do not tell people to buy or sell any particular stock. In a bear market all stocks go down and in a bull market they go up.”

This is another problem that many traders have. Namely, they try and short stocks in a bull market or buy stocks in a bear market. And they forget that the most important thing is the overall trend in the market.

This is clearly visible in any chart that you can compare with the broader stock index. Try finding a stock that went up in 2008, for example and you will have a very difficult job. Likewise, try and find a stock that went down in the fierce bull market of 2009 and you will have a lot of trouble.

There is incredibly high correlation between all stocks. And that correlation gets even stronger during a significant market event like a crash.

In fact, during extreme market events, it’s not just stocks that all go down, nearly all markets can go down together.

In the 2008 crash, we saw stocks, commodities, real estate, gold all go down together. The only markets left standing were safe havens like US treasuries and the US dollar. But it won’t always be like that, because every situation is different. Next time we might well see a situation where the US dollar goes down as well.

But the key point is to know the type of market you’re in. Is this an early stage bull market, or a maturing bull market. Or are we in a bear market or ranging market?

There’s little point attempting to short stocks in a bull market and there’s little point buying stocks in a bear market. It doesn’t matter which individual stocks you’re talking about, it’s just a bad strategy.

And on a similar note, Jesse would say that you should look for the main stocks that are leading the market. And if you can’t make money out of the leading active issues, you are not going to make money out of the stock market as a whole.

So think about which stocks are being heavily traded, which are moving the most and making all the headlines. These are often the best stocks to focus on for trend traders, as they show the best movement. And if you can’t make money on these leading stocks, then chances are the overall market might be deteriorating, and if that’s the case you should probably reduce your exposure and size.

Having said that though, Jesse would say that you should never become completely bearish or bullish on the whole market just because one stock – in some particular – has plainly reversed. Even if it is one of the leading issues.

It just isn’t enough to suggest any omen for the future. There are any number of reasons why the stock may have moved and you can’t make a judgement on the whole market by the actions of one individual stock.

12. In a narrow market wait for a break-out.

“In a narrow market, when prices are not getting anywhere to speak of but move within a narrow range, there is no sense in trying to anticipate what the next big movement is going to be. The thing to do is to watch the market, read the tape to determine the limits of the get nowhere prices, and make up your mind that you will not take an interest until the prices breaks through the limit in either direction.”

Jesse Livermore was an expert at reading the tape. Gauging market sentiment and predicting where the market might head next.

In a bull market, the best place to be is already long and in a bear market the best place to be is already short.

But, of course, markets sometimes consolidate and they go sideways for periods. During these times, the market range can narrow, price action can get choppy. And when that happens, the best plan of action is to just sit back and watch.

These are not good periods for trend traders so it’s useful to look around for different markets to trade. Trends do not always occur, and perhaps they only occur 30-40% of the time. However, you can always find a market somewhere that is trending.

Again, we can see this clearly on the charts.

The S&P 500 has been in a trading range for most of 2015, so has the Dow, so has the Nasdaq and so have most of the European stock markets.

GBP/USD has been in a range, silver has been choppy and so has the euro.

But there are plenty of markets that have been trending. Coppers has been trending down steadily, platinum has been trending down, and the US dollar has been trending up. Amazon has been going higher and higher.

One of the tricks is to find the best trending markets and join them on their journey.

So if you have a range trading market, it’s actually a good opportunity, because you know where the breakout can happen.

So the range trading markets are good to keep an eye on. You can watch them, plan your trade and wait for an explosive breakout.

13. Never argue with the tape.

“I don’t know whether I make myself plain, but I never lose my temper over the stock market. Eu nunca discuto com a fita. Getting sore at the market doesn’t get you anywhere. Markets are never wrong, opinions often are.”

There are many traders who take out their losses and negative emotions on the market itself, which, when looked at objectively, is ridiculous.

Traders treat the market as if it is human, as if it has a personality. But of course it has neither.

If you get stopped out of a trade and you show a loss, or if the market doesn’t act how you expected it to, it is not the market’s fault. The market isn’t wrong. The market is never wrong, only opinions can be wrong.

Some traders might think that we have hit a short-term top in the stock market, some might think that oil is far too low at this price. Some might say that gold is forming a bottom and will soon rally to new highs.

But the truth is that the market will go where it has to go. Only the market can prove who is right and who is wrong.

If you follow the trend and forget about making predictions, just follow prices, you can stop blaming the market and just go with the flow. You’ll stop being angry at missed trades and you’ll trade in a much more relaxed and effective way.

You just need to watch the tape and act accordingly. Never fight the tape.

14. Hope for profits and fear losses.

“Instead of hoping he must fear and instead of fearing he must hope. He must fear that his loss may develop into a much bigger loss, and hope that his profit may become a big profit.”

If there is one rule that is key for following trends in the market it’s this. It’s the equivalent to cutting losses short and letting winning trades run. That’s how you let trends develop and how you build the big profitable positions.

So when you place a trade, and maybe you start off with just a small position, you want to fear that that trade will turn into a small loss. You fear losses and if they occur you cut your position and you wait for another opportunity.

On the other side, you place a trade and you hope for the market to go your way. And you want to hope that it keeps going and going in your direction, allowing you to build your position and keep making money.

The profits available from long term trends are frequent enough to provide plenty. You can see it on almost any chart. Look at the huge bull markets in stocks, between 2009 and 2015 and in the 1990s and 1980s. Look at the huge 30-year bull market in bonds. The long trends in currencies and commodities.

If you fear losses and hope for more profits, you’ll be acting in the right way.

15. Don’t trade for the thrill.

“The desire for constant action irrespective of underlying conditions is responsible for many losses on Wall Street even among the professionals, who feel that they must take home some money every day, as though they were working for regular wages. Remember this: When you are doing nothing, those speculators who feel they must trade day in and day out, are laying the foundation for your next venture. Você colherá benefícios de seus erros. ”

Once you realise the cost of trading and the benefits of being able to sit tight in a market you learn a valuable lesson.

Once you’ve learnt this lesson, you can look at all the other investors on Wall Street and realise how they are actually helping you in your quest.

They’re all trading in and out of the market, every day racking up huge commission fees and losing money. This reveals the opportunity for you to take advantage of. By sitting on your hands and waiting for the profits to roll in, by only making calculated bets.

Always trade according to the trend and according to your plan.

The desire for action will be strong but you need to resist. Because that is the gambling mindset. The professional trader mindset simply sits tight and waits for the opportunities to come to him.

Remember that when you trade, you don’t only pay a fee to your broker and a commission but you pay the spread too.

“There is the plain fool, who does the wrong thing at all times everywhere, but there is the Wall Street fool, who thinks he must trade all the time. No man can always have adequate reasons for buying or selling stocks daily–or sufficient knowledge to make his play an intelligent play.”

The Bid:Ask spread, means that you can only buy at the best ask price (slightly above the market) and only sell at the best bid price (slightly below the market).

It is this spread that makes money for the market maker but it works against you every time you trade, so that every time you trade you start out with an inevitable small loss.

This is the cost to trade and to overcome it you first need to stop trading for action alone. Trade the trends and wait for the opportunities. There is always an opportunity around the corner.

16. Don’t listen to tips.

“If I buy stocks on Smith’s tip I must sell those same stocks on Smith’s tip. I am depending on him. Suppose Smith is away on a holiday when the selling time comes around? A man must believe in himself and his judgement if he expects to make a living at this game. That is why I don’t believe in tips.”

Jesse Livermore didn’t believe in tips and neither should you. Por várias razões. You should do your own research, do your own analysis and only take trades according to your own plan.

First of all, you don’t want to take a tip from a broker, because a broker might have a conflict of interest. A broker, for example, wants you to trade as often as possible. She wants you to keep trading in and out because that’s how she earns her commission.

So, the ideal customer for a broker is someone who trades all the time but doesn’t go broke. Plus, if your broker was that good at trading, she would be a professional trader instead of being a middle-man/woman.

Second of all, if you get a tip from someone, you have no idea what their intentions are. That person may have bought the stock at a much lower level, or they may have already hedged it with another trade. They probably haven’t told you about their exit strategy either and if they go awol you’ll be stuck with a position you don’t know what to do with.

So this is another timeless piece of advice. Never follow tips or rely on anyone else to do your trading for you.

17. Never be afraid to take a loss.

“Losing money is the least of my troubles. A loss never troubles me after I take it. Eu esqueci durante a noite. But being wrong – not taking the loss – that is what does the damage to the pocket book and to the soul.”

Jesse Livermore’s biggest mistakes, the ones that caused him to lose thousands and millions of dollars in profits, did not come from taking the wrong trades or from taking small losses, they came from not taking a loss when it was still small.

In other words, by leaving the loss and not cutting it short, the loss was able to grow and grow, until it was too big and too painful to let go of. Those are the decisions that cause huge losses to capital and confidence.

Jesse goes on and talks about two trades he had, one in wheat that showed a profit and one in cotton that showed a loss. Like many traders, he took the profit in wheat but held the loss in cotton hoping it would turn around. But of course, it did the opposite.

The wheat kept on going in the right direction and would have made an even bigger profit. While the cotton kept dropping and the loss just got larger and larger.

“I did precisely the wrong thing. The cotton showed me a loss and I kept it. The wheat showed me a profit and I sold it out. Of all the speculative blunders there are few greater than trying to average a losing game. Always sell what shows you a loss and keep what shows you a profit.”

So it’s clear. Never be afraid to take a loss, especially when the loss is small and the trade is not working out. Abide by this simple rule and hold your winning trades for longer than your losing ones.

18. Wait for price action to confirm your opinion.

“Don’t take action with a trade until the market, itself, confirms your opinion. Being a little late in a trade is insurance that your opinion is correct. In other words, don’t be an impatient trader.”

Often, traders get cocky.

They think they have the market figured out and they know what it’s going to do next. Maybe they’ve done a few hours of research and they’re convinced the market’s about to rally. Then they go ahead and trade straight away. They’re impatient and greedy. They want the market to do as they say, and they want to squeeze out every last cent.

But the market doesn’t behave that way. It goes where it goes and when you force a trade you end up on the losing side.

It’ far better to wait for the price action of the market to confirm your prognosis.

If you think the market will rally, then wait for it to go up a little, and then you can get in. If you think the market will fall, then wait for a signal first. Being a little late will cost you a few extra points but that will be nothing if you’re able to capture the much larger trend. And it will prevent you from trading in too many choppy, whipsawing markets.

Another thing traders do is they get fearful and impatient.

They see that the market is inching up to a breakout point and they convince themselves that the market is so strong that it will break through with ease. They then think that it would be a good idea to buy just before the breakout. That way they’re going to get into the trend a couple of points early and that will save them money.

Of course, this strategy is the wrong one. Because all too often, the market will inch right up to the breakout point and then it will fall back. It’s this resistance that causes there to be a channel in the first place. It’s waiting for the price action to confirm the trade that will lead to the biggest trends and the biggest profits.

19. Never average losses.

“It is foolhardy to make a second trade, if your first trade shows you a loss. Nunca perdas médias. Let this thought be written indelibly upon your mind.”

We have spoken already that it’s important to cut losses short and let profits run and to never be afraid to take losses.

But it’s equally important to drill home the point that you should never average losses either.

Averaging losses simply means adding to a losing trade.

So, for example, say you bought $1000 worth of stock at a price of $10 a share and that stock then falls to $8. You’re currently down 20% and showing a loss of around $200.

Well, some traders will buy again to average down their entry price. So let’s say you buy another $1000 worth at $8. So you’ve now got $2000 invested at an average price of $9. So now your break even price has changed to $9 per share.

This sounds ok in theory but this is a concept that has led to thousands of blown accounts and millions of dollars of losses.

Because once a stock falls to $8, it’s just as likely to keep falling, and if you keep averaging in, your losses will grow larger and larger.

In fact, it was this kind of approach that led to the collapse of Barings Bank caused by rogue trader Nick Leeson.

The easiest way is to trade with the trend, you add to winning positions not losing positions and this means you manage your risk along the way instead of increasing risk and going against the trend of the market.

20. Don’t try and pick the turns.

“One of the most helpful things that anybody can learn is to give up trying to catch the last eighth – or the first. These two are the most expensive eighths in the world. They have cost stock traders, in the aggregate, enough millions of dollars to build a concrete highway across the continent.”

If you want to try and pick the turns successfully you’re going to have a lot of difficulty and you’ll experience a very low win ratio. Simply because it’s almost impossible to pick the turns precisely and come out ahead.

If you trade this way you might lose 9 times out of 10 and undergo a lot of stress and pain in the process.

The easier way is to do what Jesse Livermore did and that is to forget about picking the turns. Don’t even think about looking for the tops or the bottoms. As Jesse says, the first and the last eighth are the most expensive in the world.

It is far easier to wait for a stock to turn and then catch it as it is already going up. Likewise, once a market has peaked and has already turned down, that’s the time to short it. You wait for the trend to turn in your favour, so that you are sure that the momentum has changed and then you go with it.

In this way, you always buy into strength and you always short into weakness.

This almost goes against human nature but it’s the way trend traders make their money.

21. Prices are never too high to begin buying or too low to begin selling.

“Never buy a stock because it has had a big decline from its previous high and never sell a stock because it seems high-priced.”

If you take the time to look over any stock, you’ll find that prices trend, that is a fact of the markets that you can rely on. And it’s a principle that trend traders have been taking advantage of for years.

And you can just go through any number of charts to see that this is the case.

Effectively, trend traders can ignore the exact price levels. They simply must focus on the direction of the trend and the strength of the momentum. Finding a strategic way to follow these trends is perhaps the most useful path to take.

So, you should never avoid a stock because the price looks too high or too low. If you do that, you’re bound to miss out on some of the biggest multi-week trends.

Take a look at a stock like Apple. You can see on a long-term daily chart that this is a stock that has made literally thousands of new highs. Here’s the stock on a monthly chart which shows the extent of the price rise:

If you thought the stock was too high in 2010, you’d have been kicking yourself in 2011. And if you thought the stock was too high in 2011, you’d be cursing yourself in 2012. And so on. If you never buy a stock when it’s making new highs you’re likely going to miss out on all of these big potential gains.

Along the same lines, once you buy a stock, don’t just sell it because it looks high-priced. As we’ve seen with Apple and other examples, the stock can keep going up and up and up. Rather, it’s better to wait for the trend to change, so the correct time to sell is when the stock has turned downwards.

Likewise, you shouldn’t buy a stock after it has declined from it’s previous high. At least not without testing the strategy thoroughly first.

This is one of the biggest mistakes for beginning trend followers. Instead of buying a stock or security at a new high, they wait for the market to pull back. But this doesn’t work too well a lot of the time.

All too often, the best trades will never offer you another opportunity to get in at a lower price , so you have to take the trade when it first appears.

The trades that do pull back and give you a chance to buy in, those are often the ones that keep going south after you’ve made the buy. They’re often the bad trades. They’re among the 60% of trend trades that typically fail.

There’s usually a fundamental reason why the stock has fallen and that’s why it will probably keep going lower or trading sideways for an extended period.

22. It is not good to be too curious about all the reasons behind the price movements.

“you must have an open mind and flexibility. It is not wise to disregard the message of the tape, no matter what your opinion of crop conditions or of the probable demand may be. I recall how I missed a big play just by trying to anticipate the starting signal.”

In my opinion, this is another key rule and statement from the master trader, Jesse Livermore.

You shouldn’t get caught up trying to understand why a market is doing what it’s doing.

The financial news, reported on sites like Bloomberg and CNBC, will always have a reason for why the market did this and why the market did that, but 90% of the time these reasons are just made up statements, made after the fact.

Financial reporters have a job to do, which is to report on the market. Every single day.

Even when the S&P 500 has finished exactly where it started, a reporter at Bloomberg will discuss the day’s events and find some reason for why the market did what it did.

For example, the other day the S&P 500 went up by 0.56%. According to Bloomberg News, this was due to a better than expected housing number and some potential merger discussions in the technology space.

But is this the real reason why the market went up today?

Most likely, the answer is no. A more accurate answer would be that the market went up today because there were more buyers than sellers over the duration of the session. The market is essentially pretty random on any given day and it follows the path of least resistance.

But of course, you cannot repeat this kind of statement every day because no-one would read it. It’s extremely dull. So reporters must think of ways to explain the movement.

But as I said, 90% of the time, you cannot fully explain daily price movements. Therefore it pays to largely ignore the financial news. This is especially true on quiet days when there are very few important economic releases.

You should also stay flexible when you do have a trade. Because you cannot think too deeply about the underlying issues or you will likely stay with a trade too long or get out too quickly.

I’m not saying that you can never explain market moves. Some of the time, there will be a major event that you can explain. 100%.

For example, the Swiss Franc didn’t soar 30% in January for no reason. It did so because the Swiss National Bank took away the exchange rate peg to the euro.

And the stock market didn’t drop 40% in the 2008 bear market for no reason. It fell because the financial system was in danger and the global economy was moving into a deep recession.

But even though these major market events can be explained, it does not follow that you can easily predict them.

Even if you can predict them, timing them becomes the next biggest hurdle.

For instance, there were many smart people who predicted the 2008 crisis. Commentators like Jim Rogers, Nouriel Roubini, Marc Faber, John Paulson and many others all knew that the property market was forming a bubble and that the banks were over-leveraged.

But few were able to time the bear market well enough in order to take full advantage. Jim Rogers had been bearish on the market since around 2004, so it took years before the market finally proved that he was right. John Paulson made billions betting against risky mortgages, but he had to endure at least a year of lacklustre returns before the majority of his winnings came to fruition.

So, in general, you may be able to explain the larger market moves but predicting them and timing them is a completely different matter.

When it comes to daily, short-term movements, there is almost no way to predict what happens. Unless you can gain access to the complete order book that shows how traders are buying and selling and even then it is not easy because of dark pools.

Just remember that the market will always take the path of least resistance, so don’t think too deeply about why it is doing what it’s doing. Just remember to go with the flow. Keep your risk managed and place your bets according to the trend and your plan.

23. Don’t be controlled by your emotions.

“The human side of every person is the greatest enemy of the average investor or speculator. Fear keeps you from making as much money as you ought to. Wishful thinking must be banished.”

In trading, there are possibly three things that are most important. The direction of the trend, conservative risk management, and psychology.

The direction of the trend tells you how to bet. And your money management rules should tell you how much to bet. But psychology is the final piece of the puzzle that makes everything come together.

Because if you don’t have the right mindset in the first place, you’ll find it extremely hard to follow trend trading rules.

The trend trading philosophy or concept is one that has shown to be successful over many years. But the difficulty is that it does not always sit well with the human mind.

First of all, correct trend trading tells you to go against what comes naturally.

Instead of buying a market when it has pulled back and looks cheap, you must buy when the market is strong and looks expensive. And you must short when it is weak and almost looks as though it couldn’t go any lower.

And instead of selling a stock near it’s high, when you’re making a nice profit, you must wait for it to turn around and to start going the other way. In effect, potentially giving up some of your profits.

And when you have a losing position, instead of waiting for that position to get to break-even or make a small profit, you must take the loss, cut it short and look for a new opportunity.

Of all the problems associated with trend trading, cutting losses short and letting winning trades run is perhaps the most difficult for traders to overcome.

Because there is scientific evidence into the human mind that shows how investors fear losses by a much greater margin than they enjoy winnings.

According to Daniel Kahneman, we fear loss twice as much as we relish success and this makes it hard for us to take risks.

In trading, this means that we will do anything to avoid taking a loss. But this doesn’t work for trend following, because successful trading of trends entails taking many small losses, all the time, and paying for them with a few, much bigger winning trades. If you don’t do this, your loss will turn into a bigger loss and your winning trades won’t be given the room to turn into huge profits.

This is the psychological lesson that Jesse Livermore’s trading rules teach and which all trend traders must learn.

Fear will stop you from cutting your losses early and it will make you take your profits too quick. Once you can realise this, you will be on your way to successful trend trading, and aligning yourself with the natural ebb and flow of the markets.

And, human impulses can work against you in other ways too.

For example, another way is how we handle boredom. As humans, we dislike boredom, we like to keep busy and we like to work hard for our money. But again, this can work against us in trading. Because if you’re bored, you are more likely to trade, and you’re more likely to seek out trades rather than letting them come to you.

By trading too much, you spend too much on commissions and you lose money. So again, successful traders must ignore their human impulses to trade too much or all the time.

“It sounds very easy to say that all you have to do is to watch the tape, establish your resistance points and be ready to trade along the line of least resistance as soon as you have determined it. But in actual practice a man has to guard against many things, and most of all against himself — that is, against human nature.”

Overall, if you have problems with this third component, psychology, you will find it hard in the markets. Jesse Livermore paved the way, winning and losing many millions and he learnt the hard way that the human mind is your greatest asset and greatest enemy.

But you can teach yourself discipline and learn to ignore your human impulses. With time, you can start to trade with a clear and logical mindset, one that follows the trend following maxim.

24. One should never permit speculative ventures to run into investments.

“The money lost by speculation alone is small compared with the gigantic sums lost by so-called investors who have let their investments ride.”

Once you make a trade, you should know your motives. If you’ve made a speculative play as Jesse suggests, don’t let that trade turn into a long-term investment.

If the trade is doing poorly, it’s not wise to say that this is now a long-term investment so it doesn’t matter how low it goes. There is simply no reason to keep a trade open that is not performing. This is the trend following mantra. Trades that start poorly usually keep performing badly and just lead to bigger and bigger losses.

Even if the trade is doing well and it’s making money, it will still turn around and when it does, the trend trader needs to be alert to close out the position and move on to another.

This is just another famous trend trading rule which can also be referred to as ‘never get tied to a stock’. Don’t fall in love with a stock just because it’s gone up a few percent.

Don’t become emotionally involved. As Jesse says, more money has been lost by investors letting their investments ride than anything else.

25. Avoid get-rich-quick schemes.

“People who look for easy money invariable pay for the privilege of proving conclusively that it cannot be found on this earth.”

“The sucker has always tried to get something for nothing, and the appeal in all booms is always frankly to the gambling instinct aroused by cupidity and spurred by a pervasive prosperity.”

Jesse realised early on that a fool and his money is easily parted and especially so during boom years and bull markets. During these periods people become curious about making money, they become greedy and complacent. They think that markets can only go up and never down and are even told this by various commentators and publications. The 2007 housing crisis, where investors believed that house prices could not fall, was a prime example of this.

Jesse Livermore Trading Rules: Conclusion.

I hope you have enjoyed this look into Jesse Livermore, his trading rules and strategies. For some, the suggestions and ideas on this page may appear too simplistic.

But personally, I don’t believe this to be the case. From years of trading it’s clear to me that the best traders are those who are able to find the trends and follow them, just as Jesse Livermore used to do.

As Jesse said, nothing changes on Wall Street and I’ve found that simple techniques work just as well as they ever have.

Many of the best traders do not use complicated strategies, systems or techniques. They simply follow the trends. This sounds simplistic but it isn’t easy because good trend following entails working against your natural human instincts.

Once you know how to find trends and you know how to manage risk, it is the ability to control your psychology that will determine whether or not you can beat the market. If you can do that, you can trade like Jesse Livermore did, and you can have fun taking down the biggest trends.

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9 de fevereiro de 2018.

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JB Marwood.

Negociante, analista e escritor independente.

JB Marwood é um trader e escritor independente especializado em sistemas mecânicos de negociação. Ele iniciou sua carreira comercializando o FTSE 100 e o Bund alemão para uma trading em Londres e agora trabalha em sua própria empresa. Ele também escreve para Seeking Alpha e outras publicações financeiras. Google+

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